Leadership Styles and Organizational Citizenship - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Styles and Organizational Citizenship. Answer: Introduction The main aim of this paper is to explain the leadership styles of the organizations. Steve Jobs has been selected in the task to evaluate the various types of leadership styles. One of the effective leaders in the world is Steve Jobs who is well known and popular for his leadership styles. He was the CEO and chairman of Apple Inc. Along with this, the paper explains that how Steve Jobs uses leadership styles in Apple Inc. to get more success and growth in the competitive market. It also explains the strengths and weaknesses of Steve Jobs. It describes that how ethics, diversity and politics help in effective leadership. Steve Paul Jobs was an American leader, inventor, and industrial designer. He was the chief executive officer, chairman and co-founder of Apple Inc. Steve Jobs was born on 24th February 1955 in California United states. He was an inspirational to many business and technology leaders. Steve Jobs dropped out of college to learn something new in life. At the age of 13, Jobs met with Stephen Wozniak who was one of the important persons in his life. Jobs expressed his interest in gadgetry and electronics. He was a harsh in nature and innovating player. Perfection is the main key success factor of Steve Jobs. He maintains clear vision in his life to attain success in the world. In addition, Jobs believes in privacy and he was not friendly with media. Leadership is the process of influencing others to do work effectively and efficiently. Puranik (2017) defines that leadership is the process and approach of influencing people to assist their efforts in order to attain long term goals and objectives of the firm. According to Yukl (2013) leadership is an act which may affect the functions of others towards achievement of objectives and goals. It is considered as an act to motivate and inspire others in order to improve and enhance their performance and productivity. According to Antonakis and Day (2017) leadership is the simple process of affecting others so that they will endeavor willingly towards the attainment of long term mission and vision. Apart from this, leadership is an effective approach which helps to direct the activities and operations of a group in order to attain objectives of the firm. Leadership plays a significant role to enhance corporate excellence and performance of the workers. Various leadership styles are used by organizations in todays modern world in order to overcome the competitors in the marketplace. Leadership style and behavior is the way in which operations and functions of leadership are carried out by the management. Soieb, Othman and D'Silva, (2013) stated that there are various types of leadership styles such as dictatorial, consultative, charismatic, participative, unitary and bureaucratic. The different leadership styles which are used by many organizations in todays competitive world have been stated below. Autocratic leadership: According to Iqbal, Anwar Haider (2015) autocratic leadership style permits managers and top management to make decisions alone without the input of the others. These types of leaders are very conscious and passionate for their position and they express their faith and trust in the workers. The leader believes that reward is one of the significant factors which can motivate subordinate for doing work effectively and successfully. Autocratic leadership is useful in emergency situations and homogenous work. Democratic leadership: This leadership style also known as participative leadership style. It is a type of leadership style in which the members of the group play a participative role in the decision making process (Hackman Johnson, 2013). It is one of the effective leadership styles which is used by many companies in todays world. Laissez-faire leadership: Under this leadership style, leaders attempt to pass the roles and responsibilities to make effective and unique decisions within the organization. Due to lack of confidence, laissez faire leadership style is not effective in the organizations. Decision making process is very slow in this style (Ramchunder Martins, 2014). Transactional leadership: This type of leadership style is used by the managers to get certain tasks and duties in order to provide rewards or punishment based on the performance and productivity of the workers. The managers and leaders set the goals and objectives within the organization (Mahdinezhad Suandi, 2013). In this way, leadership styles play a significant role to attain desired goals and objectives. Ciulla (2014) defines that ethics is a branch of knowledge that handle basic more principles. In other word, it refers to moral principles that govern and manage a persons behavior and action in an effective way. Diversity includes wide range of different things. It consists various elements such as ethnicity, gender, age, socio-economic status, political beliefs, sexual orientation and religious beliefs. The organizational politics plays an empirical role to grow the business in the marketplace. Politics is used for social networking and power within the organization to attain changes that provides advantages to the firm (Menzel, 2014). Through ethics, leaders are highly responsible for influencing subordinates to perform tasks, actions and behavior in a hassle free manner. An ethical leader also helps to influence and direct the workers by knowing values principles and needs. To become this kind of player, a person should analyze and identify the beliefs, goals and thinking of the workers. Furthermore, ethical leader also helps to understand the personal strengths, weaknesses, imitations and behaviors of subordinates to accomplish the goals. Bolman Deal (2017) defines that ethics is an effective system of morality that helps to conduct practices in the organization. The ethical norms and values help the leaders to guide and assist workers to conduct business activities and operations successfully. In this way, leaders have been able to maintain favorable working environment at the workplace which will encourage the employees to maximize the profitability of the firm (Edwards III Wayne, 2013). On the other hand, effective leadership empowers each subordinate in terms of race, religion, sex, and inspires the capability and desire to work together in order to meet common objectives. Diversity is a significant factor in effective leadership which helps to promote a multicultural environment. It also helps to promote ethnic and racial equality and it increases human capital. Leaders need to know and understand that they have to develop liability into their system with regard to their top management and managers taking responsibility for generating a favorable working environment. Innovative ideas and opinion can be created through diversification (Chhokar, Brodbeck House, 2013). On the other hand, one of the vital elements in effective leadership is politics which could help to make unique decisions within the organization. The political leader is most significant because they keep authority of government to assess to the distribution of power and resources. It will also help to build and develop reciprocal relationship with other stakeholders. In this way, ethics, politics and diversity help the leaders to carry the activities and operations of the business successfully. Tricker Tricker (2015) defines that corporate governance is the system of practices, rules and process by which a firm is directed and controlled. It also helps to balance the interest of stakeholders in the organization. The employees, owners, society and managers are main stakeholders of the company. The employees are considered main stakeholders in a corporation and they are more interested in the output of the decisions which affect them indirectly and directly (Benn Dunphy, 2013). Therefore, it is very important for the employee to play a vital role in corporate governance and they must have ability to participate in the decision making process of the corporation. Benn Dunphy (2013) said that employee engagement is possible through corporate governance as it helps to explore and expand the business of the company in the marketplace. In addition, employee can fulfill their obligation and duties in the workplace through effective and unique system of corporate. On the other han d, corporate governance provides enormous benefits to owner of the firm. The good corporate governance provides proper incentives to board and management in order to pursue goals and objectives that are in the interest of the firm (ArAs, 2016). It also provides security to the shareholders on their investment. Along with this, corporate governance maximizes profitability of the company with minimizing the risks and challenges. Through corporate governance, management makes rules, policies and strategies to determine how the firm is directed. It also improves reputation of the firm and reduces legal consequences and hurdles within the organization. Conflicts and fraud can be controlled by implementing effective rules and policies. The corporate governance also ensures economic growth and it also maintains confidence of the investors. As a result, the firm can raise capital successfully. It has left positive impact on the share price (Davies, 2016). Firstly, Steven Jobs is a transformational leader because he works with subordinates in order to identify the essential organizational changes in the firm. He is a self motivated person who inspires other people to do work effectively. By using transformational leadership style, steve Jobs had been able to set standards and rules for the success and growth of the firm. Along with this, Steve Jobs used autocratic leadership style to pursue his vision with team members at the workplace. He was considered autocratic leader because steve Jobs retained all authority, power and reserves the rights to control the employees. He supervised and monitord the productivity and outcomes of the workers. Along with this, he was remarkable and valuable leader in the modern history. Steve Jobs entrusted that a leader is a person who can beat the competitors and reduce the challenges of the market. The apple success and growth showed that Steve Jobs is a wonderful and magnificent leader in the world. A fter the various researchers, it has been analyzed that leadership styles are important to determine the long term mission and vision of the firm. Now it is assumed that Steve Jobs is an autocratic and transformational leader. Moreover, Steve Jobs had a sense of urgency that helps to run the business activities effectively. In addition, Steve Jobs was an adaptable in nature which was used in multiple situations. Additionally, he was always thinking about the future and had a clear ideas and opinion what he wanted to achieve. This vision helped Jobs to push his team together for achieving the common goals and objectives. Conclusion In the above mentioned analysis, it can be concluded that Steve Jobs plays a significant role in leadership. He was the CEO and founder of Apple Inc. The life of Steve Jobs was very challenges and inspiring. Effective leadership styles were followed by Steve Jobs such as autocratic and transformational leadership. He was the artistic and innovative leader which was one of the biggest strengths of Steve Jobs. He had a hardware expert who maintained clear vision. On the other hand, he was an autocratic leader and he did not promote teamwork within the organization. It was main weakness of Steve Jobs. Now it is recommended that Steve Jobs should have used democratic leadership style in Apple Inc. to promote and encourage employees. In this way, they can participate in decision making process which could help to increase productivity of the firm. In addition, teamwork could be promoted by Steve Jobs to give more opportunities to the workers. References Antonakis, J. and Day, D.V. eds., 2017.The nature of leadership (3rd edition). Sage publications. ArAs, G. 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