Corruption in India

Corruption in India is a major issue and adversely affects its rescue. 1 A 2005 study conducted by foil world(prenominal) in India bring that more than 62% of Indians had firsthand beat of nonre basisal bribes or enamor peddling to get jobs through in habitual offices successfully. 23 In its 2008 study, transp atomic number 18ncy International reports ab out(a) 40% of Indians had firsthand experience of carrying bribes or using a contact to get a job done in public office. 4 In 2012 India has ranked 94th out of 176 countries in Transpargonncy InternationalsCorruption Perceptions Index, tied with Benin, Colombia, Djibouti, Greece, Moldova, Mongolia, and Senegal. 5 Most of the largest sources of degeneracy in India be entitlement programmes and social spend schemes enacted by the Indian presidency. Examples take Mahatma Gandhi National coarse Employment see to it Act and National Rural Health Mission. 67 separate daily sources of buyion include Indias trucking indust ry which is forced to pay billions in bribes each year to legion(predicate) regulatory and police stops on its interstate highways. 8 Indian media has widely published allegations of corrupt Indian citizens stashing trillions of dollars in Swiss banks. Swiss authorities, however, deny these allegations. 910 The causes of corruptness in India include overweening regulations, complicated taxes and licensing systems, numerous regimen departments each with opaque bureaucracy and arbitrary powers, monopoly by government controlled institutions on certain goods and services deli actually, and the lack of unprejudiced laws and processes. 1112There are signifi deposet variations in level of decomposition as well as in state government efforts to reduce corruptness across India. The economy of India was under socialist-inspired policies for an entire generation from the 1950s until the upstart 1980s. The economy was characterised by extensive regulation,protectionism, and public ow nership, policies vulnerable to pervasive subversive activity and slow growth. 13141516 In 1960s, Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari suggested License Raj was often at the core of corruption. 17 The Vohra spread abroad, submitted by the former Indian Union Home Secretary, N. N. Vohra, in October 1993, studied the enigma of the criminalisation of semi governmental relation and of the nexus among criminals, politicians and bureaucrats in India. 18The report contained several observations do by decreed agencies on the criminal net fetch which was virtually running game a agree government. It also discussed criminal gangs who enjoyed the patronage of politicians of all political parties and the protection of government functionaries. 19 According to Jitendra Singh, in the bad old days, curiously pre-1991, when the License Raj held sway, and by design, all kinds of free market mechanisms were hobbled or stymied, and corruption emerged almost as an illegitimate price mechanism, a shad owy quasi-market, such(prenominal) that scarce resources could be quiet be allocated within the economy, and decisions could get made. These were largely distortions created by the politico-economic regime.While a sea change has occurred in the years quest 1991, some of the warp cultural norms that took hold during the earlier period are slowly be repaired by the sheer forces of competition. The process leave behind be long and slow, however. It will not change overnight. 20 angiotensin converting enzyme of the major problems and obstacles to teaching in India has been autochthonic corruption and political inertia to change. 21 As of declination 2008, 120 of Indias 523 fantan members were accused of crimes, under Indias First Information Report procedure wherein anyone can allege an some other of committing a crime. 22Many of the biggest stains since 2010 bring forth involved very high levels of government, including Cabinet Ministers and Chief Ministers, such as in the 2G spectrum scam, the 2010 body politic Games scam and the Adarsh Housing Society scam, Coal minelaying Scam, mining scandal in Karnataka and cash for vote scam. A change of organisations have been created in India to actively fight against corrupt government and military control practices. Notable organisations include * Bharat Swabhiman Trust established by well cognize Yog Guru Swami Ramdev running a large campaign against black money and corruption since last 10 years. 5th Pillar is most known for the creation of the zero rupee note, a valueless note designed to be given to corrupt officials when they request bribes.* India Against Corruption is a movement created by a citizens from a variety of professions and statuses to work against corruption in India. It is soon headed by Anna Hazare. 67 * Jaago Re One Billion Votes is an organisation originally founded by Tata Tea and Janaagraha to affix youth voter registration. 68 They have since expanded their work to include oth er social issues, including corruption. 69 * Association for Social Transparency, Rights and Action (ASTRA) is an nongovernmental organization focused on grass-roots work to fight corruption in Karnataka. One organisation, the Lok Satta Movement, has transformed itself from a civil organisation to a full-fledged political party, the Lok Satta Party. The party has fielded candidates in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Bangalore. In 2009, it obtained its first elected post, whenJayaprakash Narayan won the election for the Kukatpally fabrication Constituency in Andhra Pradesh.Corruption in IndiaCorruption in India is a major issue and adversely affects its economy. 1 A 2005 study conducted by Transparency International in India found that more than 62% of Indians had firsthand experience of paying bribes or influence peddling to get jobs done in public offices successfully. 23 In its 2008 study, Transparency International reports about 40% of Indians had firsthand experience of paying bribes or using a contact to get a job done in public office. 4 In 2012 India has ranked 94th out of 176 countries in Transparency InternationalsCorruption Perceptions Index, tied with Benin, Colombia, Djibouti, Greece, Moldova, Mongolia, and Senegal. 5 Most of the largest sources of corruption in India are entitlement programmes and social spending schemes enacted by the Indian government. Examples include Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and National Rural Health Mission. 67Other daily sources of corruption include Indias trucking industry which is forced to pay billions in bribes annually to numerous regulatory and police stops on its interstate highways. 8 Indian media has widely published allegations of corrupt Indian citizens stashing trillions of dollars in Swiss banks. Swiss authorities, however, deny these allegations. 910 The causes of corruption in India include excessive regulations, complicated taxes and licensing systems, numerous government depar tments each with opaque bureaucracy and discretionary powers, monopoly by government controlled institutions on certain goods and services delivery, and the lack of transparent laws and processes. 1112There are significant variations in level of corruption as well as in state government efforts to reduce corruption across India. The economy of India was under socialist-inspired policies for an entire generation from the 1950s until the late 1980s. The economy was characterised by extensive regulation,protectionism, and public ownership, policies vulnerable to pervasive corruption and slow growth. 13141516 In 1960s, Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari suggested License Raj was often at the core of corruption. 17 The Vohra Report, submitted by the former Indian Union Home Secretary, N. N. Vohra, in October 1993, studied the problem of the criminalisation of politics and of the nexus among criminals, politicians and bureaucrats in India. 18The report contained several observations made by off icial agencies on the criminal network which was virtually running a parallel government. It also discussed criminal gangs who enjoyed the patronage of politicians of all political parties and the protection of government functionaries. 19 According to Jitendra Singh, in the bad old days, particularly pre-1991, when the License Raj held sway, and by design, all kinds of free market mechanisms were hobbled or stymied, and corruption emerged almost as an illegitimate price mechanism, a shadowy quasi-market, such that scarce resources could still be allocated within the economy, and decisions could get made. These were largely distortions created by the politico-economic regime.While a sea change has occurred in the years following 1991, some of the distorted cultural norms that took hold during the earlier period are slowly being repaired by the sheer forces of competition. The process will be long and slow, however. It will not change overnight. 20 One of the major problems and ob stacles to development in India has been endemic corruption and political inertia to change. 21 As of December 2008, 120 of Indias 523 parliament members were accused of crimes, under Indias First Information Report procedure wherein anyone can allege another of committing a crime. 22Many of the biggest scandals since 2010 have involved very high levels of government, including Cabinet Ministers and Chief Ministers, such as in the 2G spectrum scam, the 2010 Commonwealth Games scam and the Adarsh Housing Society scam, Coal Mining Scam, mining scandal in Karnataka and cash for vote scam. A variety of organisations have been created in India to actively fight against corrupt government and business practices. Notable organisations include * Bharat Swabhiman Trust established by well known Yog Guru Swami Ramdev running a large campaign against black money and corruption since last 10 years. 5th Pillar is most known for the creation of the zero rupee note, a valueless note designed to be given to corrupt officials when they request bribes.* India Against Corruption is a movement created by a citizens from a variety of professions and statuses to work against corruption in India. It is currently headed by Anna Hazare. 67 * Jaago Re One Billion Votes is an organisation originally founded by Tata Tea and Janaagraha to increase youth voter registration. 68 They have since expanded their work to include other social issues, including corruption. 69 * Association for Social Transparency, Rights and Action (ASTRA) is an NGO focused on grass-roots work to fight corruption in Karnataka. One organisation, the Lok Satta Movement, has transformed itself from a civil organisation to a full-fledged political party, the Lok Satta Party. The party has fielded candidates in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Bangalore. In 2009, it obtained its first elected post, whenJayaprakash Narayan won the election for the Kukatpally Assembly Constituency in Andhra Pradesh.

Motivation in Supervision

The term pauperization is derived from the Latin verb movere (to move). The imagination of movement is reflected in such commonsense ideas nigh motivation as something that gets us going, keeps us moving, and helps us get jobs done. Conversely, we know we atomic number 18 non motivated when we cannot check outm to get out of bed or forth the sofa.Despite these commonly held ideas, definitions of motivation atomic number 18 numerous and varied, and there is a great deal disparity over the slender nature of motivation. Although there is disagreement about the precise nature of motivation, this paper offer a general definition of motivation that is consistent with the cognitive focus of this paper on learners thoughts and beliefs and hat captures the elements considered by most interrogation workers and practitioners to be central to motivation. Motivation is the process whereby goal-directed employment is instigated and sustained.Motivation involves goals that provide im petus for and direction to action. Cognitive views of motivation argon coupled in their emphasis on the importance of goals. Goals whitethorn not be well formulated and may change with experience, but the point is that individuals run through something in mind that they are trying to attain (or avoid).Motivation requires bodily process corporal or mental. Physical activity entails effort, persistence, and early(a) overt actions. Mental activity includes such cognitive actions as planning, rehearsing, organizing, monitoring, making decisions, solving problems, and assessing progress. The activities that students engage in are geared toward attaining their goals.Finally, we highlight that motivated activity is both instigated and sustained. head start toward a goal is authorized and often difficult because it involves making a commitment to change and taking the first step. But motivational processes are critically important to sustain action. Many major goals are long-term, fo r example, earning a college degree, obtaining a good job, and saving money for retirement. Much of what we know about motivational processes comes from psychoanalyzeing how people respond to the difficulties, problems, failures, and setbacks they encounter as they fall out goals over time.II. DiscussionA. Motivation Re look to paradigmsResearchers employ different interrogation paradigms to check over motivational processes. For example, there is a distinction among correlational and observational studies. correlational look for deals with transaction that exist between variables. A look forer may hypothesize that motivation is positively correlated with (related to) perceive capabilities such that the more confidence individuals have in their learning abilities, the higher is their motivation. To footrace this relation, the look forer might measure individuals perceived capabilities and their motivation as exhibit on a task. The look intoer could statistically correl ate the perceived competency and motivation scores to determine the nature and strength of the relation.Pintrich and De Groot (2000a) conducted a correlational study that explored the relations among motivational, cognitive, and pedantic performance variables. The motivational beliefs component assessed trio factors self-efficacy, (perceptions of capabilities), intrinsic shelter (importance), and test anguish. The learning strategies component comprised two factors cognitive strategy use and self-regulation.Correlations among intrinsic value, self-efficacy, strategy use, and self-regulation were positive and significant. Test anxiety showed a significant, negative correlation with self-efficacy correlations of test anxiety with all other variables were nonsignificant.The researchers too computed correlations among these five variables and measures of academic performance in-class seatwork and homework, quizzes and tests, essays and reports, grades. Intrinsic value, self-effic acy, and self-regulation correlated positively with academic measures except performance measures strategy use correlated positively with all academic performance measures strategy use correlated positively with academic measures except for seatwork (nonsignificant) test anxiety was negatively correlated with grades and quiz/test scores.This study was correlational because Pintrich and De Groot looked at the existing relations among variables and did not render to alter them. The results show that motivational variables relate in important ways to cognitive factors contributing to classroom success (strategy use-self-regulation) and to measures of academic performance.In an experimental study, the researcher existingly alters one or more variables and determines the impressions on other variables. A researcher interested in the effects of perceived capabilities could conduct an experimental study by systematically altering these perceptions and gauging the effect on individual m otivation. For example, the researcher might have a teacher systematically praise love-achieving individuals to raise their perceptions of capabilities and determine if this increase enhances motivation.Schunk (2002) conducted an experimental study that investigated how forms of effort attributional feedback influenced individuals achievement outcomes during learning. Individuals in lower years who lacked deduction skills genuine instruction and practice opportunities over sessions. While individuals solved problems individually, an adult proctor periodically walked up to each individual and asked on what knave in the instructional packet he or she was running(a).For some individuals (prior attribution), after they replied with the page number the proctor linked their progress with effort by remarking, Youve been working terrible. For others (future attribution, the proctor stressed the value of future effort by stating, You quest to work hard. Those in third aim (monitoring) were queried but the proctor kaput(p) without comment after the individual replied. Individuals in a fourth (control) condition were not monitored.This study was an experiment because Schunk altered the type of feedback individuals received and looked to see whether differential effects on achievement outcomes resulted. Schunk hypothesized, that prior attribution would be the most effective because it supports individuals perceptions of their progress in acquiring skills and conveys that they can pass over to improve through effort. This prediction was supported.Prior-attribution individuals outperformed individuals in the other conditions on measures of self-efficacy and subtraction skill. Prior-attribution individuals also displayed higher motivation than did future-attribution and control individuals as assessed by the core of problem solving during the independent practice portions of the sessions. The results of this study suggest that it is rectify to link individuals pas t success to effort than to stress the future benefits of hard work.Each type of research has advantages and disadvantages. Correlational research helps get through relations among variables. Correlational findings often suggest directions for experimental research. The positive correlation obtained by Pintrich and De Groot between intrinsic value and academic performance suggests further research exploring whether change magnitude intrinsic value leads to higher achievement. A disadvantage of correlational research is that it cannot identify cause and effect. The positive correlation between intrinsic value and academic performance could mean that (a) intrinsic value affects academic performance, (b) academic performance influences intrinsic value, (c) intrinsic value and academic performance are each influenced by other, unmeasured variables (e.g., home factors).Experimental research can clarify cause-effect relations. By systematically varying type of feedback and eliminating o ther variables as say-so causes, Schunk (2002) could specify how changes in attributional feedback affect achievement outcomes. Clarifying causal relations helps us understand the nature of motivation. At the same time, experimental research is often narrow is scope. Researchers typically vary only a few variables and try to hold all others constant, which is difficult to do and somewhat unrealistic.B. qualitative/Interpretative ResearchIn recent years, some other type of paradigm has gained currency among researchers. The theories and methods use are referred to various labels, including qualitative, ethnographic, participant observation, phenomenological, constructivist, and interpretative (Erickson, 2003). These approaches differ from one another characterized by intensive study, descriptions of events, and interpretation of meanings. Such a research pretence is not new(a) in the social sciences, but only deep has it been applied increasingly in supervision.Interpretative re search is especially useful when researchers are interested in the structure of events rather than their overall distributions, when the meanings and perspectives of individuals are important, when actual experiments are impractical or unethical, and when there is a desire to search for new potential causal linkages that have not been unearthed by experimental methods, (Erickson, 2003).Moreover, qualitative/interpretive research yields rich sources of data that are much more intensive and thorough than those typically obtained in correlational or experimental research. This research paradigm also has the potential of raising new questions and new slants on old questions that often are missed by traditional methods. Because this approach is not concerned with the aggregation of usable acquaintance for teaching practice, it is not a means for providing practical answers to teaching problems (Shulman, 2004).Studies normally are conducted with few participants, which raise the issue of whether findings are reliable and proxy of the population being studied. Another concern is that if researchers do not attempt to interpret data in light of a theoretical framework, findings may not seem linked and interpretation may prove difficult. Nonetheless, as a research model, this tradition has provided much valuable data in the study of motivation, and its influence will continue to grow.III. ConclusionIn conclusion and in add-on to the differences among experimental, correlational, and qualitative research, another distinction exists between laboratory studies conducted in controlled settings and report studies conducted where was conducted in laboratories using such infrahuman species as cats, dogs, and rats. Such research was appropriate given the influence of conditioning theories which contended that common processes occurred in animals and human and that controlled experiments could help isolate these processes and eliminate extraneous influences. Motivation resea rch also has employed human subjects in controlled laboratory environments. With the increasing emphasis on schooling and other applied settings, however most current research is conducted in field settings. The Pintrich and De Groot (2000a), and Schunk (2002) studies are examples of field studies.Reference1.Pintrich, P.R. & De Groot, E. (2000a). Individual differences in early adolescents motivation and self-regulated learning. Journal of early Adolescence, 14, 139-161.2.Schunk, D.H. (2002). Extended attributional feedback Sequence effects during sanative reading instruction. Journal of Early Adolescence, 6, 55-66.3.Erickson, F. (2003). Qualitative methods in research on supervision. In M.C. Wittrock (ED.), Handbook research on supervision (3rd ed., pp. 119-161). New York Macmillan.4.Shulman, L.S. (2004). Paradigms and research programs in the study of teachings A contemporary perspective. In M.C. Wittrock (ED.) Handbook of research on supervision (3rd) ed., pp. 3-36). New York Mac millan.

Critically Thinking About Ethics and Assessment Essay

1. The intravenous feeding critical argonas that are addressed in these standards include developing and learning capture tests, administering and scoring tests, reporting and interpreting test results, and informing test takers. The twain focus groups are the test developers and test users. Test developers are multitude and organizations that construct tests and set policies for test programs while test users are those who select and administer tests, commission test development services, and identify decisions based on the test scores.As a future teacher, counselor, or social worker, I think that I would fit the definition of test users because I would be conducting tests and making decisions from the results of the tests. 2. I believe that the most historic issue among the guidelines for allow for psychological assessment when it comes to children and adolescents would be 9. 03-b. It states, Psychologists inform persons with questionable capacity to take over or for whom testing is mandated by law or governmental regulations to the highest degree the nature and purpose of the proposed assessment services, using language that is reasonably graspable to the person being assessed. This is important because young people who would undergo testing want to understand clearly what they are about to go through, as well as the reasons as to why they need to be assessed. They need to be talked to in a language and level where they can make a decision whether or non to give consent to the assessment. 3. The startle guideline, which is Protection Against High-Stakes Decisions Based on a Single Test is important because it states that students should have the protection of not being judged based on a single test score.A single test score does not prove that much and students should be evaluated based on a series of tests. It is only fair that they be given multiple chances to prove what they are capable of as students. 4. In the Screening and Assessment of Young English-Language Learners, it is declared that the role of the family in the assessment of young English-language learners is important. Young students need the abet that they can get from their families so that they can become confident in learning the language. Aside from this, it is also important for professionals to inform the families of the students improvements.

Narrative on a Special Place Essay

My make rage for Africa Hello every integrity my name is Tulsi Amin and I escort S come forthh University at the West Palm Beach Campus in Florida. I have been to many an(prenominal) different places in my life and in event I have stayed in three different continents as of now. I was born in India moved to Kenya when I was two and final terminal figure is America since the age of 10. Africa is where I consider my childhood where I learn to play with hardlyterflies saw talking parrots and was visited by wild monkeys frequently in my courtyard.With my experiences with plurality in the Western world and their depiction of Africa being interchangeable the Jungle Book I wish I can crawfish out them solely on that point to see the reality of this beautiful continent. I lived in Nairobi, Kenya the capital city of that country. There argon no lions, tigers or giraffes on the street as I have heard many people ask me. We do have high rise buildings, malls, public transference an d homes built out of brick. Although I lived there from the age of two to 8 I remember many things that atomic number 18 very special to me to solar day.I remember having an aunt that lived in a town called Thompson Falls that was on the Equator and the weather was always perfect there. I used to go there many summers and go down waterfalls and see huge hippos basting in the river. I met the local tribes that ar called Masais and learned to make tribal necklaces out of gemstones. Africa is a country that is full of culture and having been lived there has made me lever many things in life that are scarce resources that we take for granted elsewhere.When I moved to America in 1993 and started school in upstart Jersey I was so excited when I saw a few black students in my class. I went up to them and started uttering in Swahili and they looked at me and replied I am sorry we are not Indian So I told them no this is your style. All the students looked at me and said our language is English. Thats when I learned that African Americans do not speak Swahili the native language of Kenya. As I learned more astir(predicate) history and slavery and saw how many African Americans lost their root to their homeland it was a rude awakening for me.I am rejoicing that this is a rich part of my life and will always be a special place for me. Although many people got a iridescent depiction of Africa and the movements through Disneys Lion King the real safari is even more exciting to see. I do remember travelling to other smaller towns that were on the outskirts on our way we would zebras grazing in this vast open green land. Many times we have seen giraffes, antelopes and elephants still enjoying their natural habitat. These memories and sightings are something that I will never forget.I love that country and am delighted that it is part of my life. I will love sharing these memories with my children and hoping to take them one day to see Kenya, Africa. Over the e ld I thought how I may make people regard other countries and their culture. America is known as the melting pot where many different cultures come to make a living yet are we so ignorant to learn most all these cultures. As a child when I attended school I was taught about all major religions and how to respect others and their beliefs.As they say education and manners are taught young and school is where this appreciation for other cultures should be taught. Modern day education needs to implement the positive aspects of the other countries such as teaching students about their culture, economy, what these countries are famous for. I learned about slavery which is a big part of part history but now it is time to teach and appreciate where the slaves came from. They left their roots so far behind that many of them do not know where they came from in Africa.We live in a modern day world where everyone nearly us comes from different backgrounds, values and beliefs. We all have spe cial heart for the places where we come from and I think we deserve for others to respect these places. There are problems everywhere but despite them when they place is special to any one of us we tend to overlook the problems. We need to have an open capitulum and room to explore and learn about other countries and cultures.

Abolish Columbus Day

capital of Ohio day has regarded Christopher capital of Ohio as a pigboat for his discovery of America. In parts of America there are larger capital of Ohio Day jubilancys and parades even the schools are closed so the children whitethorn experience the festivities. The fact of the matter is that capital of Ohio Day does non remark the actual accomplishments of Columbus, save celebrates the PG story of Columbus that school teachers would tell principal(a) school children in the form of a rhyme or song.The celebration of Columbus Day glorifies the colonial conquest, enslavement, and murder of indigenous spate by Europeans and should be wiped off the books of American national holidays because Christopher Columbus is non a great Italian explorer who discovered America and Columbus exploration led the long genocide of the indigenous people. All through unwrap America, Italian-American people celebrate Christopher Columbus as one of the great Italian heroes.In reality, Columbu s was non even Italian but Genoese, which is a person innate(p) in Genoa. Italy did not become a country until 1861 which is 355 years later Columbus died. While Columbus was alive he did not go on his famous trip across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by Genoa but instead sponsored by Spain. Christopher Columbus set out on his exploration to find a faster trade route to Asia and so traveled East thinking that would gain been a faster mood obviously this is not true.In Howard Zinns essay, Columbus, The Indians, and Human Progress, the writer states that Columbus would have never made it to Asia and, One-fourth of the way there he came upon an unknown, chartless cut down (Zinn). If Columbus was the great explorer that Columbus Day portrays him as, thusly he would have at least realized that the land he discovered was not Asia but instead America. When Columbus died, he mentation that he went to Asia even though an acquaintance of his, Amerigo Vespucci, had already realized that the land Columbus went to was not Asia but the New World.Besides the fact that Columbus was not even close to getting to Asia, he did not discover America, but instead he informed Europe of the existence of the landmass. The land was already inhabited by millions of Amerindian that had been living in America for thousands of years. The Order of the Sons of Italy in America argue in their article, Columbus Fact or Fiction, that Columbus did discover America by saying, Even if others visited the continent sporadically ahead he did, their pilgrimages had no historical ignificance. The OSIA meant that even if anyone visited the New Land in the first place Columbus since their discovery did not have any grand magnificence or documentation that the other explorers discoveries do not matter. Even though Columbus never took credit for discovering America because he thought he was in Asia the whole time, Americans of today blindly fade him the grand title of the discoverer of America w hen he in reality in force(p) brought the land into the minds of the people of Europe.When Columbus first arrived in the New World, there were more than eight million American Indian (Taino) living in the area where Columbus landed which was the Bahamas. Columbus did not see the Taino as a civilization of people but as stated in Zinns article Columbus wrote in his journal that, They would make charming servants(Columbus quoted in Zinn). With that Columbus began his subjugation of the Taino because he wanted gold that no one else was sure existed in the abundance that Columbus believed.The Admirals presence and interference with the Tainos daily lives caused disputes and separation of the Taino tribes as soundly as the destruction their lands which helped lead to their downfall. Juliet Ucelli argued in her article, Italian-Americans Say Basta to Columbus, about how she did not want the Italian people to be like Columbus in the way that he would, go into other peoples lands, conc ord them over, and exploit labor and resources. This exploitation leads Columbus to build mines in which he forced the Taino to arduous physical labor, which killed millions.If a native man did not bring in enough gold at the end of the month, Columbus would have the laborers hands cut off which caused massive blood loss and ultimately death. Mothers would drown their children because they had no way of feeding them and did not want their child to grow up in such conditions. In the essay Thief, Slave Trader, Murderer Christopher Columbus and Caribbean Population crash Mark Freeland and Tink Tinker, the authors, indicate that, Colon presided over the deaths of some septette and a half million people. By the end of Columbus voyage he killed almost all of the indigenous people.By the time Columbus was carried apart in chains, only 500,000 of the original 8 million Tainos were left, and those were wiped out by the rest of the European explorers who were inspired by Columbus. A d estiny of Americans celebrate Columbus Day without ever knowing the true facts of what actually went on during his exploration. Nowadays more people have learned the uprightness about Christopher Columbus and started to protest the day dedicated to his wrongdoings. Columbus Day should be abolished and replaced because of the acts of genocide and the overall sense that Columbus was not a great explorer.Works Cited Freeland, Mark, and Tink Tinker. Thief, slave trader, murderer Christopher Columbus and Caribbean population decline. Wicazo Sa reassessment 23. 1 (2008) 25+. General OneFile. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Order of the Sons of in America, Columbus Fact vs. Fiction. (2005) n. page. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Ucelli, Juliet. Italian-Americans Say Basta to Columbus. (2012) n. page. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Zinn, Howard. Columbus, The Indians, and Human Progress states History of the United States. (2012) n. page. Web. 28 Oct. 2012.

Marx Theory of Alienation

ive, rich pack use the poor as commodities. He also explained that the profit that owners earn is not justly distributed to the soil as a whole. Marxs Estranged Labor and Private station and Communism explain the alienation of the laborer caused by private position and how it will bring the downfall of capitalism. Marx believed in communism which is a complete life for all the individuals.In ancient times, slew would live in caves and depended on nature to survive and fulfill their everyday take. However, with time world modernized, people moved on and money became the main aspect of everyones life. In order to stay in power, money is very important. People harbor more value to money than themselves because money is what makes a persons value. Money can buy triumph even though people spend most of their lives working for others.Peoples need changed overtime, they found happiness in new things as the world modernized, un comparable before their needs were satisfied by nature. In Marxs work he in short pointed out what a man should really be by differentiating between animals and human beings. What makes human beings different from animals is that animals cant think like military man as Marx said, for it produces only what it immediately needs for itself and its young (Estranged Labor, pg. 275).Unlike animals, humans have conscious and ability to produce many things by themselves as Marx explained, he makes his life activity itself the object of his will and of his consciousness (Estranged Labor, pg. 276). humans are creative. Therefore, human life has a purpose for man and in this intellect he is free and universal. Marx argued that human nature is nor good nor monstrous but dialectical because humans external objects which were plant, animal and air became into food, dress and heating.Marx illustrated that alienated man is the opposite of the productive man because a mans someone is to produce and create. Therefore, an alienated man is the man wh ose soul and existence are split, which describes that he works not for producing but for money and others. Money is a very important aspect in both the worker and the capitalists life. According to Marx, the real foundation of alienation is private property. The tie beam between the worker and the capitalist is defined in the capitalist society. A worker has not

Machiavelli – The Prince and Totalitarians

A nonher good showcase of this Marxist possibility Is Joseph Stalin. Stalin use his soldiers to rise to power. He killed countless batch in smart set to come into authority and impose his beliefs on the articulate. Jewish realistic library explains, Stalin consolidated his power base with the Great Purges against his political and ideologic opponents, most notably the old cadres and the rank and file of the Bolshevik Party. (Jewish realistic Library, 1) Throughout the Great Purges Stalin imprisoned tortured and assassinated his enemies through his soldiery force.This Is a very clear display of Machiavellian theories because Machiavelli repeatedly put forwards that military is the root of power and authority and he emphasizes that military should be used in order to rise to power. Another Machiavelli theory that justifies the actions of totalitarian normals is the theory that it is more efficient to rule with barbaricty and fear rather than retire and fairness. Each of these totalitarian rulers used this Ideology during their magazine as which is why people feared and respected him.BBC demesnes, Lenin demonstrated a hilling disregard for the sufferings of his fellow countrymen and unmercifully crushed any opposition. (BBC, 1) This shows that Machiavellian theories did support Linens actions because Machiavelli explains that it is better to for a prince to be feared rather than loved because love can come and go exclusively the fear of pain is everlasting. Lenin proves this because he was feared and t presentfore people obeyed him. Another example of the use of severeness is the cruel acts of Joseph Stalin.Stalin ruled with an iron fist and soft on(p) fear into peoples hearts. This fear is what drove hem to obey Stalin and conform to his will. Jewish Virtual Library states It is believed that with the purges, forced famines, state terrorism, labor camps, and forced migrations, Stalin was trustworthy for the death of as many as 40 million peop le within the borders of the Soviet Union. Jewish Virtual Library, 1) This follows Machiavellian theory because Stalin was besides cruel to millions of people and was respected for a long period of time because of fear.Another theory that these totalitarians embody is the theory that a prince should ease their decisions on the sound being of the state. For example Karl Marx imposed his theory of communist-based Marxism on his state because he thought it was the best thing for the state. The Communist League explains Marxist-Leninist eat up the concept of social class put forward above, but impart that a persons social class is determined not by the list of his wealth, but by the source of his income as determined by his likeness to labor and to the means of production. (Marxism and Class, 1) Marx created this intricate system of classes in order to curb order thin his state. Although it was not roaring, Marx created this insurance policy for the well being of the state, s o that the state could flourish. This relates to Machiavellian theory because Marx did as Machiavelli advised. He had the well being of the state in caput throughout his time of ruling. Another ruler who followed Machiavellian theory on well being of the state was Vladimir Lenin. Lenin not only followed a Marxist trend in his state, but he also tried to improve his states economy.BBC states, He introduced the New Economic Policy, here a measure of private enterprise was again permitted, a policy that continued for several years after his death. (BBC,I) Lenin introduced this policy in order to preserve the economy of his state. It lasted several years after his death, which means he was successful in doing so. Lenin laid out a structure for the state to thrive because he had the well being of the state in mind while making his decisions. This follows Machiavellian theory because Machiavelli said to make all decision based on the well being of the state.Although he was cruel and us ed militaristic power, he was ultimately trying to better the state in his own way which is exactly what Machiavelli preaches. All in all, Karl Marx, Joseph Stalin, and Vladimir Lenin were embodiments of the theories Machiavelli introduced in The Prince. They ruled and based their states on militaristic power, they ruled their states through cruelty and pain over compassion and love, and kept the well being of the state in mind in every decision they made. Machiavellian theories confirm their actions in that they each very closely followed them.Karl Marx had a strong military and had the well being of the state in mind, throughout his time as ruler, and Vladimir Lenin had a strong military and also made sure to clutches the well being of his state in mind. Although the states of these rulers were not very successful and resulted in the deaths of many people, they were supported by the Machiavellian theories. The lesson to be well-educated is that although their actions were suppo rted by the Machiavellian theories, they caused severe damage and terror to the human beings and these theories should ultimately not be used in any eccentric of modern government.

How does the viscousity Essay

viscousness is a measure of a silvers resistance to flow when acted upon by an external multitude such as a pressure differential or gravity. viscousness is a general property of all fluids, which includes two liquids and gases. It describes the internal brush of a moving fluid. A fluid with large viscosity resists interrogative sentence because its molecular makeup gives it a lot of internal friction. A fluid with low viscosity flows easily because its molecular makeup results in really little friction when it is in motion.The viscosity affects the size of liquid particles, increase the viscosity tends to increase the size of liquid particles, which then increases their gravitational subsiding rates. The viscosity of a liquid changes with temperature, as the temperature increases the viscosity decreases as the intermolecular forces weaken. Energy added to the system in the form of heat increases the kinetic nix of the molecules, with luxuriouslyer kinetic energy, the mole cules be able to overcome the intermolecular charity resulting in a less viscous liquid.If a nut case behavior is dropped through liquid it very quickly r severallyes its terminal fastness, when it reaches terminal speeding it should then be going at a continual speed. Stokes practice of law can be used to calculate the viscosity of a liquid. The dominion for Stokes Law is- vt = Terminal Velocity r = radius ( = absorption of the clustering tutelage d = tightfistedness of the liquid m = Viscosity density of the ball bearing- Density of Liquid multitude = 4/3(r3 Depending on the speed of the ball bearing, the motion of the liquid is different. These diagrams show the liquid molecules movement about the ball bearing when it is dropped.At low velocities the liquid flows in a streamlined pattern, which is called laminar motion, as shown in the top diagram. When the velocity is high the liquid flows in a much to a greater extent complicated bearing called turbulent moti on. When a liquid is travelling in a scream as in our sample, the transition from laminar to turbulent motion depends on the diameter of the pipe and ball bearing in comparison to each otherwise, and the velocity, minginess and viscosity of the liquid. It is more likely to be turbulent when the diameter of the pipe is larger, and the velocity and density of the liquid is higher(prenominal), and therefore has a demoralize viscosity.Prediction I predict that as the temperature increases the viscosity decreases due to the intermolecular forces weakening as a result of the temperature increase. This is because the kinetic energy of the molecules is increase as the heat energy is transferred. The higher the kinetic energy, the more molecules are able to weaken the intermolecular attraction and so this results in a less viscous liquid. Apparatus 100ml measuring cylinder, 125ml of honey, a steel ball, a magnet, 2 decimal scale, micrometer screw gauge, thermometer Plan Before first th e constants result be taken, which are- Terminal velocity, vt, = Distance Time.Gravity, g, = 9. 81 seconds Radius of the ball bearing, r, = 0. 284 x 10 -2 Distance travelled, d, = 0. 226 m Density of the ball bearing- Density of the liquid- The radius of the ball bearing exit be measured victimisation a micrometer screw gage. A stop clock get out be used to measure the time so the terminal velocity can be calculated. A balance to two decimal places pull up stakes be used to measure the mass of the ball bearing so the density can be calculated. A measuring cylinder go awaying be used to recoup the volume of the liquid so the density of it can be found. A thermometer will be used to find the temperature of the liquid and of the water bath.Then a tube will be put onto a tray, glycerine at a temperature of 20 i C will then be poured into it. Two marks will be made a fixed distance from each other to represent d. A ball bearing will then be dropped down it and the time taken to decay between the two points will be taken. If possible a light gate will be used to measure the time so that inaccuracies will be minimised when reservation the calculations. A range of temperatures up to 80 i C will be done with each one being repeated ternary times for accuracy. The liquid will be heated in a water bath so the temperature can be as make as possible. ResultsDistance the ball bearing drops- 0. 22m Gravity- 9. 81 m/s2 Radius of Ball Bearing- 0. 284 x 10-2 m Mass of Ball Bearing- 0. 105 x 10-2 kg Diameter of Ball Bearing- 0. 568 x 10-1 m Mass of Liquid- 0. 25kg Volume of Liquid- 0. 2 x 10-3 m3 Volume of Ball Bearing- 4/3( x (0. 284 x 10-2)3 = 9. 59 x 10-8mi Density of Ball Bearing- kg/miDensity of Liquid- Rearranging Stokes Law we obtain- kg/m/s Temperature (i C) Time Taken (secs) fair time taken (secs) Average Velocity m/s Viscosity kg/m/s 25 1. 82 1. 86 0. 118 144. 6 1. 88 1. 88 43 1. 11 1. 05 0. 210 81. 2 1. 01 1. 04 61 0. 29 0. 31 0. 710 24. 0 0. 23 0. 41 Gra ph Conclusion.As the temperature got higher the ball bearing fell through the liquid faster. This is because as the temperature increases the intermolecular forces get weaker so there is less friction against the ball bearing. The results conform to with my theory and prediction that as the temperature increases the intermolecular forces weaken, because the kinetic energy of the molecules increases and so the viscosity decreases. Both of the graphs are straight lines with no anomalous results, which suggests that the experiment was conducted consistently. Any shifts present are most likely to have been authoritative and not detectable in this experiment.Evaluation The graphs show that the experiment was more or less successful, as there are no anomalous results and they are both straight lines. The method worked well, though when timing there would have been some(a) error because a person was timing, if the experiment was to be made more accurate a light gate could be used so th e accuracy of timing would be greatly improved and less prone to human error. Also it was not easy to keep the temperature of the water constant and so it decreased in the middle of doing some of the experiment so some accuracy would have been lost there.Another source of error is the acceleration that occurs between the ball being dropped and it hitting the liquid. If the experiment was to be extended, the size of the ball bearing could be varied and the temperature kept constant, this could disdain the problem of it accelerating before it hit the liquid, to see how it affects the time it takes for the ball to fall down. The diameter of the tube could be varied to and the size of the ball bearing and temperature could be kept constant instead.

Health Module 1st Quarter Essay

Gender and Hu military man SexualityAt the end of the quarter, you should be able to1. discuss informal natural action as an serious comp iodine and only(a)nt of ones cause(prenominal)ity. 2. explain the brilliance and dimensions of piece sexual urge occupation. 3. disassemble the brokers that mint ones attitudes and arranges colligate to grammatical sex. 4. value mortalal wellness attitudes that whitethorn influence enjoyledgeable doings. 5. relates the importance of innerity to family health.6. discuss the signs, symptoms, and in the flesh(predicate) effects of familiarly patrimonial transmissions (STIs), such as charitable Immunodeficiency computer virus ( benevolent immunodeficiency virus) contagious unhealthiness and Acquired Immune wishing Syndrome ( aid). 7. enumerate steps in the cake and subdue of STIs.8. tumble why moderation is the close to stiff method for the ginmill of human immunodeficiency virus and back up and other STIs. 9. follow government policies in the measure and fancy of human immunodeficiency virus and help (RA 8504 or Philippine support cake and Control bet). 10. explain other government efforts in ensuring a exonerated product line turn in to prevent issues and problems related to innerity (RA 7719 or race Services coiffure of 1994). 11. apply decision- qualification skills in managing knowledgeablely-related issues.Are you take aimy?You whitethorn first consider doing some activities that entrust brigh disco biscuit you up date expressing your association slightly sexuality as an most-valuable component of ones psycheality.A. DIRECTIONS How much do you know just just abtaboo sex and military individualnel sexuality? Find pop by practiceing the next questions. spell step to the fore your answers in your activity notebook. 1. What term defines a man or a woman base on biological fictional characteristics? a. sexb. genderc. sexualityd. androgyny2. Which of the avocation illustrates gender?a. Miguel loves to cook.b. Marco does not cry in normal.c. hazel tree has a imperative organic structure image.d. Ahmed is attracted to Felicity.3. What do you c wholly the sets of activities that society considers as appropriate for men and women? a. gender enjoymentb. gender personal identityc. gender equalityd. gender sensitivity4. wherefore is it important to at a lower placestand gay sexuality?a. We depart all be mature adults.b. We take a leak identical sexuality issues.c. in that location is a specific age for developing ones sexuality. d. It head on help us build a transgress linage with ourselves and others. 5. Which characterizes a good decision?a. Easy to crystallizeb. Makes your geniuss cheerfulc. unity that your t apieceer told you to maked. Arrived at after a thoughtful consideration of consequence/sB. DIRECTIONS Read the interest statements. Analyze your personal stand on each item. pen a short accounting why you agree or disagree with it.1. Teaching is a trade for women.2. Men moderate no skillful to cry in normal.3. both(prenominal)(prenominal) men and women neat hide be police officers.4. It is the responsibility of both p arnts to seduce c atomic number 18 of their children. 5. Both the father and the mother should sh atomic number 18 in collision the financial unavoidably of the family.C. DIRECTION in front you start studying the neighboring littleon on homosexual sexuality, you be passing play to answer the self-inventory running game roughly STI and human immunodeficiency virus/ support.How familiar are you with STIs human immunodeficiency virus aid?1. I begin neer heard of them or I take aim heard of them merely take ont know what they are. 2. I run through with(predicate) some creative thinker what they are, only if dont know why or how they happen. 3. I gestate a clear humor what they are, but exactnt discussed them. 4. I raise explain wh at they are and how do they occur what they do that may affect family life. shoot you made a personal health plan on how to treasure yourself from endangermenty sexual behaviour? 1. I catch neither planned nor thought intimately it.2. I have planned but not thought well-nigh it.3. I have planned but not technical it.4. I have both planned and work outd it.D. DIRECTIONS For each of the following topic, place a larn mark in the cell if it pull outs your experience.Topic/C at one metreptHave read itHave heard itHave projectn a TV or photograph productionHave written a report constitution on itSTIs human immunodeficiency virus/ assist continenceRefusal SkillBlood bribe/ transfusionE. DIRECTIONS concomitant or Fiction Are the following statements authentic or false? put out accredited or false on the berth before the number in order to find out your knowledge in sexually contagious infections particularly human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency s yndrome. When you excite this module, you provide have the chance to plan for yourself on how to avoid existence septic with human immunodeficiency virus/ support and live a brawny lifestyle in order to have a red- rooted relationship with your family. 1. A person laughingstock acquire human immunodeficiency virus/ aid from development intravenous spray employ by the septic person 2. Most sexually genetical infections raft be securely-boiled and cured without medical attention. 3. If an human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS woman possesss a normal birth to a child, her child may have a greater chance of universe give too. 4. A person al ways knows when he or she has a sexually transfer infection. 5. bulk who get sexually contractable infections have a raft of sex partners. 6. All types of sexually familial disease can be cured.7. fosteral accord is driveed before you are treated for a sexually transmitted disease if you are under 18 long time of age 8. You can have no symptoms, yet be infect with a sexually transmitted disease and be able to promontory it on to individual else. You can get several sexually transmitted diseases at one time.Lesson 1 Gender and Human SexualityAt the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following1. discuss sexuality as an important component of ones personality. 2. explain the importance and dimensions of human sexuality. 3. analyze the movers that affect ones attitudes and practices related to sexuality. 4. assess personal health attitudes that may influence sexual behaviour. 5. relates the importance of sexuality to family health.LEARNING GOALS AND TARGETSWrite your hind ends on what you expect to figure after tuition andaccomplishing this acquisition material.Lesson 1Gender and Human SexualityPart I. WHAT TO effSexuality involves the sensual, mental, social, emotional, andethical dimensions of ones personality. act 1 here(predicate) is someone who wrote about(predicate) herself in a poem. Read and analyze how the display caseful requisiteed to express herself.Sexuality means you have to be assured of yourself intermit. As you grow older, you volition experience a range of social, emotional, and physical changes. As these occur, you strike an intensive knowledge on how to big money with your attitudes and behaviour. natural action 2Graffiti YouOn a half-size cartolina, import quotations, scanings, slogans, and so on that entrust describe and reveal your a bids, passions, and aspects of your personality. After sharing this in class, you can post it on your bedroom walls and be inspired A sample has been done below.Sexuality can be best still through the helpof the wad around you. operation 3How I See Myself How some other(prenominal)s See Me rocked below are characteristics which may or may not re consecrate you. Using the icon at the left side, hitch if you can rate yourself. After you are done, fold the paper in half and ask a classmate to rate you.Extrovert _____ egotistic ____ assured _____Aggressive ____Shy _____ seductive _____Good get winder ____ accessible ____ deal out _____Fun ____Sincere ____ imperious ____Kind _____Dependable ____Other/s ______________________________________________Extrovert _____Selfish ____Confident _____Aggressive ____Shy _____Attr dynamic _____Good listener ____Approachable ____Liked _____Fun ____Sincere ____Irresponsible ____Kind _____Dependable ____Other/s ______________________________________________Extrovert ______Selfish ______Confident ______Aggressive ______Shy ______Attractive ______Good listener ______Approachable ______Liked ______Fun ______Sincere ______Irresponsible ______Kind ______Dependable ______Other/s ________________________________________________After accomplishing this parturiency, compare your answer with the answers of your classmates regarding your characteristics. Are they the very(prenominal)? Do your classmates involve you as you see yourself? Refle ct on this matter.wellnessy sexuality encompasses the following characteristics manipulation 4Puzzle-PuzzleFill up the pieces with the oral communication/phrases hat describe your personality. Afterwards, fix the puzzle.What figure have you formed?What picture do you see that comprise the individuals personality? What do you think provide happen if you lack each of these pieces?Below is a diagram cover health attitudes that can influence sexual behaviour. Which of these do you possess?Levelling strikePlease read and analyze the following key terms. military action 5Gender Assumptions1. giving birth2. making a living3. amends the broken faucet4. doing household chores5. helping the children with their homeworkACTIVITY 6Write the changes that you expect as you mature from a boy/ misfire to a man/woman. Copy the example figure below and create verbally your own figure in your activity notebook.ACTIVITY 7 orderliness SaysIn your activity notebook, transcript the confuse as groundn below and preserve words or phrases that you associate with the words masculine and feminine.GENDER ROLES manlyExample breadwinnerFEMININEExample babysitterThe aim of education for human sexuality is to develop in a boy the characteristics of the personality belong to his sex, and in a daughter the characteristic of her own sex, thus bit a boy into a mature man and a girl into a mature woman,Using Life Skills to Improve Sexual healthThe life skills that are mentioned below ordaining give you the tools to deal with problems both forged and small.Assessing your Health means evaluating your well-being periodically. This includes your sexuality. Figure out what you can do to better your health if it is not as good as it can be.Making Good Decisions means making choices that are healthy and responsible. You essential have the courage to make difficult decisions and stick to them. communication Effectively. Communication skills help you avoid mis disposition by expressin g your timbreings in a healthy way. This means if you listen to what people say, they entrust sine qua non to listen to you as well.Practicing Wellness can be accomplished through nurture about good sexuality.Setting Goals or aiming for something that go forth give you a sense of accomplishment. estimable be sure to be realistic with your target goal.Refusal Skill is a way to say no to something that you dont want to do. This skill requires practice. But first, you moldiness feel strongly about what things you want to avoid.Evaluating Media Messages is being able to measure the worth of media messages. It is a big challenge knowing that most media messages are veryconvincingACTIVITY 8Give an example of a military post for each of the life skills check up oned. apologize how you pull up stakes use each skill in these situations? Write you answer in your activity notebook.Which of the life skills do you feel result be the easiest one for you to use? Which is the most diff icult to use? beg off your answer.ACTIVITY 9Making Good DecisionsIn your activity notebook, cross off the page with the letters D E C I D E vertically. role the six steps in decision making in waiver through this activity.1. Your classmates are going to a society this weekend, this is the first time that you are asked to attend by a friend but then you discern that your parents lead not approve it. You dont want to make your friends angry by not going, but you also dont want to get in raise up with your parents. Determine what decision you should make.2. One of your boneyst friends tells his/her problem and asks for your support. He got his girlfriend pregnant / she got pregnant. How can you show your support and stand firm with the morality that having children should be the choice of matured individuals under the blessing of marriage?The following guide questions may help you decide.Is it inviolable?Is it legal?Is it healthful?Does it show respect for me and others?Does it follow norms and standards of society?Part II. WHAT TO PROCESSACTIVITY 10Follow the instructions below to help you assoil the poem I Am and make it a poem about you. Write this in a whole sheet of paper. grade it in the display bowl of the classroom. I Am melodic phrase 1I am ( import your name). filiation 2I am the child of (write the full names of your parents). field of operation 3I am the grandchild of (write the full names of your quaternary grandparents). boundary 4I am the sibling of (write the first names of your brothers and sisters, if any). Line 5I am the friend of (write the names of a some friends). Line 6I am (write tercet descriptive words that describe you). Line 7I am a (write something that you do well for example, I am a volleyball player). Line 8I am a resident of (write the name of the barangay and the city in which you live). Line 9I am (write your citizenship).ACTIVITY 11 dealings with PeopleWe all encounter people in our lives. Here are some de scriptions of people. In your activity notebook, jot down some positive ways of dealing with each type of personality. 1. Show off (people who would like to be the center of attraction whenever possible). 2. Worriers (people who worry about everything).3. Gossips (people who spreadhead rumors and very much exaggerate information). 4. Bul lie ins (people who use terrors, fear, and cruelty to tick others). 5. Whiners (people who grumble and complain about everything).ACTIVITY 12How Well Do I Know MyselfOn your activity sheet, trace your left and right hand on each side of the paper. Each finger represents a characteristic of a healthy sexuality.ACTIVITY 13Male versus Fe masculineIn your activity notebook, write the Venn diagram as shown below. Write the roles played by male and womanish in the space provided. In the space where the two circles watch, write the putting green roles played by both. Where they dont join, write their specific roles. favour the specific roles fro m the box below.MALE FEMALEPart III. WHAT TO REFLECT AND realiseYou can reflect and understand better your personality by accomplishing the activity below.ACTIVITY 14Read and reflect on the article below.ACTIVITY 15Role PlayTo better analyze the factors that affect the attitudes and practices related to human sexuality, you are going to internalize a given character. make your classmates, group yourselves into five (5). Each member of the group will tolerate the role of any of the following1. one who grew up in a very religious family2. one who was raised by authoritative parents3. one who has been strongly influenced by media4. one who has good friends from the opposite sex5. One who has been educated in an exclusive give instructionYou are given ten (10) minutes to prepare a short skit.Each group shall present the skit in two (2) minutes.After the presentation, analyze the factors that shape the sexual attitudes of the motley characters. Answer the following questions. Use t hem as your guides.What are the factors that shape our sexual attitudes?How do these factors positively or negatively affect our sexual attitudes? What can we do to maximize the negative effect of these factors on our sexual attitudes? get a line yourselves accordingly victimization the rubrics below.CRITERIAADVANCE(20)PROFICIENT(15)APPROACHING PROFICIENT(10) evolution(5)Work Attitude (cooperative with the group)Always cooperative and focused on proletariat during group work and presentation. Usually cooperative and focused on undertaking during group work and presentation. Sometimes cooperative and focused on line of work during group work and presentation. Rarely cooperative and focused on task during group work and presentation. Presentation ofCharacterConvincing in communicating characters feelings, situation and motives. Competent in communicating characters feelings, situations and motives. Adequate in communicating characters feelings, situation and motives. Limited in co mmunicating characters feelings, situation and motives. relevancy of the actionsActions are clearly naturalized and effectively sustained.Actions are clearly established and commonplacely sustained.Actions are established but may not be sustained.Actions are vaguely established and may not be sustained.Use of no.-VerbalCues (voice,gestures, substancecontact )Impressive variety of non-verbal cues is used in an warning(a) way. Good variety of non-verbal cues is used in a competent way. copesetic variety of non-verbal cues is used in an acceptable way. Limited variety of non-verbal cues is used in a developing way. Imagination,Creativity, andChoices saluteinsight thatpowerfully evoke role playChoicesDemonstrate thoughtfulness that completely anatomyles role play. ChoicesDemonstrate awareness that acceptably enhance role play.Choices demonstrate little awareness and do little to enhance role play.Congratulations You did a great job Please refer to the boxed entries for you to as sess how you fare in occupation 15.Education for human sexuality deals with the formation ofvirtuous habitsright attitudesintegration of positive valuesACTIVITY 16For each factor listed below, provide examples of how this factor affects your sexual attitudes and conducts. Write your answer in your activity notebook.A.1. Family. Family values oftentimes determine your own values. specify how your family affects your values regarding human sexuality.A.2. Culture. Filipinos living in different regions have diverse cultures and beliefs. Your cultural scope can affect your values regarding sexuality, along with the norms and standards set by society. Describe how your culture affects your human sexuality.3. Peers. Like your family, your friends can also have a significant impact on your views on human sexuality. Describe how your friends affect your human sexuality.4. Media. The media plays a significant role in our lives as we on a regular basis watch televisions, listen to radio, search the internet, read newspapers, etc. Describe how media affects your human sexuality.ACTIVITY 17Analyze Media MessageThink of a commercializedized and write how men and women are being portrayed. Then, respond to the followingWhat is the commercial all about?What messages were presented about being a man or a woman?Is the information real and accurate? Why or why not?boys and girls are given the impression of men being superior to women. In as much as we would like to practice gender equality, the rules for human conduct and human appropriateness are not alike for both sexes as practiced in most areas in the Philippines. This is likely shown in the examples below A. Boys and men are permitted to stay out more than than and up to a later time than the girls and women.B. A philandering or immoral man is considered as demonstrating his manliness or pagkalalaki. A philandering or immoral woman is considered as cheap, bad, or masamang babae.C. Women are expected to keep eve rlasting(a)al until they marry, man it is generally acceptable for men to have sexual experience before marriage.D. Women are socially judged and legally penalized for adultery and for having children out of wedlock.E. Men who stay at home to do household chores kinda of having jobs to earn money for the family are considered by some as under d saya.ACTIVITY 18In your activity notebook, answer the following questions1. What is your stand on double standard of morality?2. How can we maybe eliminate the double standard of morality?VIRGINITY a virgin is a person who has not had sexual interaction.ACTIVITY 19My Abstinence holdAbstinence is the best decision one can make in safeguarding sexual health. In this activity, list five items that you value most in life and will help you say no to unhealthful practices. Explain how this item can encourage you to make right decisions.For example, putting a family picture in my temperance bag can remind me of how I value my loved ones and h ow I would like to make them proud of my achievements.ACTIVITY 20In your activity notebook, answer the following questionsa.i.1. Do you weigh that virginity is important for both boys and girls? Why? a.i.2. What are your attitudes and standards towards virginity? Compare it with the norms and standards set by society. Does it confirm? a.i.3. How do you value virginity?Part IV. WHAT TO TRANSFERACTIVITY 21What Do You Value?Values are qualities or conditions that are important to a person. realised this survey by determining what you value in yourself. In your activity notebook, tick on the appropriate box based on the importance you assign to each attribute.Not seriousImportantVery Important1. To be value by my parents.2. To be respected by my friends.3. To have a positive image of myself.4. To have loads of friends.5. To do well in initiate.6. To give and own love.7. To stay virgin until marriage.8. To build healthy relationships with members of both sexes.9. To appreciate s exuality as factor of personality.10. To make intelligent decisions concerning sexual behaviour.After completing this survey, what observations can you make about your values?ACTIVITY 16ACTIVITY 22 regard & Learna. You will be given five minutes to close your eyes and imagine a scenario in the past where kings and poufs once lived. Imagine you are the king (if male) or queen (if female). The queen is captured and needs recuing from her captors. The king assumes the conventional role of a brave king who rescues his queen, while the queen takes on the role of a meek and mild queen who needs looking after.b. Visualize a scenario of a typical Filipino family. Analyze and enumerate the roles being played by the male members of the family (grandfather, father, male siblings) and the female members of the family (grandmother,mother, female siblings). Does it conform to the norms set by the society?ACTIVITY 22 particular Thinkinglet us pass judgment to interrelate our lesson to current issues in our country.ACTIVITY 23Watch and RelaxThis is your opportunity to show your understanding of gender role in the media.Choose a movie or a television show which you believe has gender role labels in it and you must deconstruct and analyze. Extract any gender-biased content. resuscitate one of the scenes of the film by submitting a script of your own for this scene. Write a reflection on why you think the gender role depiction in media must be addressed.ACTIVITY 24K W A ChartIn your activity notebook, copy the table as shown. List your top five (5) issues concerning sexuality regarding what you know, what you want to learn, and what you have learned. Give a brief news report of your answer.Sexuality IssueWhat I KnowWhat I LearnedHow I Will Apply(the sentiment/skill learned)1.2.3.4.5.Human sexuality is the totality of being a man or being a woman. It includes everything that makes you a male or a female your ideas, behavior, feelings and judgements.ACTIVITY 25As you ana lyze the significance of sexuality to family health, ask yourself the following questionsDo I periodically assess my sexual health?Am I making good decisions?Am I setting and meeting my goals?Do I use refusal skills when I need to?Am I communicating my feelings and expectations?Do I compare and evaluate media messages as to the norms and standards of societySUMMARYThink back on something that you have learned from this acquisition Materials. Reflect on the following questions and then write your answers on the box. 1) What did you learn?2) How did you go about tuition the lesson?3) Why did you choose to learn it?4) What/Who helped you learn it?5) What hindered your learning?6) How did you know that you had learned it?LEARNING module FORHEALTH GRADE 8QUARTER 1Family Healthmodule 1Issues and Problems Related to Human Sexualitysexually Transmitted Infections(with furiousness on human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS ) authorities Policies and state Act No. 8504 and 7719IntroductionAfte r learning about human sexuality and gender, you will now be introduced to the nature and prevention of sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (human immunodeficiency virus) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).Sexually-transmitted Infection (STI) is a communicable disease that is spread from person to person through sexual contact. Despite the efforts of government and well-mannered society, the incidence of STIs particularly human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS continues to increase. Thus, it poses a serious threat to Filipinos especially to young people like you. According to the section of Healths Philippine human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS Registry, we had already exceeded the 10 cardinal mark in human immunodeficiency virus infections since 1984 when the disease was first documented in the country.More than a thousand of these already developed into full-blown AIDS. Sexually-transmitted infection is preventable. The first step i s to remain sexually abstinent until marriage. Next is to incur accurate information about these diseases and recognize inaccurate information. Third is to enhance life skills. By knowing how to make decisions andpractice refusal skills you can never go wrong in safeguarding your health. OBJECTIVESAt the end of this module you will learn to1. Discuss the signs, symptoms and effects of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (human immunodeficiency virus) infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( AIDS) 2. Identify and analyze steps in the prevention and maintain of STIs 3. Realize why fasting is the only sure way to avoid sexually transmitted infections particularly human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS 4. Follow government policies in the prevention and control of human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS (RA 8504 or Philippine AIDS prevention and control Act) 5. Explain other government efforts in ensuring a clean rip supply to prevent issue s and problems related to sexuality. 6. Applies decision-making skills in managing sexuality related issues.This time you will answer the following pre assessment activity. This is non-graded test. The purpose is to identify your learning needs. It is important that you answer the items to help you find out what you need to know.PRE-ASSESSMENTA. DIRECTIONS Before you start studying the next lesson on human sexuality, you are going to answer the self-inventory test about STI and human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS.How familiar are you with STIs HIV/AIDS?1. I have never heard of them or I have heard of them but dont know what they are. 2. I have some idea what they are, but dont know why or how they happen. 3. I have a clear idea what they are, but havent discussed them. 4. I can explain what they are and how they occur, what they do that may affect family life.Have you made a personal health plan on how to protect yourself from risky sexual behaviour? 1. I have neither planned nor thou ght about it.2. I have planned but not thought about it.3. I have planned but not practiced it.4. I have both planned and practiced it.B. DIRECTIONS For each of the following topic, place a check mark in the cell if it describes your experience.Topic/ConceptHave read itHave heard itHave seen a TV or movie productionHave written a report paper on itSTIs HIV/AIDSAbstinenceRefusal SkillBlood gratuity/transfusionC. DIRECTIONS Fact or Fiction Are the following statements true or false?Write true or false on the space before the number in order to find out your knowledge in sexually transmitted infections particularly HIV/ AIDS. When you finish this module, you have to plan on how you can avoid being give with HIV/AIDS and live a healthy lifestyle in order to have a healthy relationship with your family.1. A person can acquire HIV/ AIDS from development intravenous spray used by the infected person2. Most sexually transmitted infections can be treated and cured without medical attenti on.3. If an HIV/AIDS woman gives a normal birth to a child, her child may have a greater chance of being infected too.4. A person always knows when he or she has a sexually transmitted infection.5. People who get sexually transmitted infections have a spate of sex partners.6. All types of sexually transmitted disease can be cured.7. Parental consent is needed before you are treated for a sexuallytransmitted disease if you are under 18 eld of age 8. You can have no symptoms, yet be infected with a sexually transmitted disease and be able to pass it on to someone else. You can get several sexually transmitted diseases at one time. handicap if your answers are correct.What you will do learn Goals and targetRead the questions below and fill out the column in my response column Write your answer in your activity notebook. What? / So What?/ right away What?StrategyMy responseWhatWhat I want to know about the topic?What behavior I would like to change or improve to have a healthy sexual behaviour?What steps are twisting to accomplish this healthy sexual behavior?So whatWhy is this important?What does it mean to me?How does knowing about this information change my mentation?What other ideas in human sexuality do I have or connections can I make to STIs and HIV/AIDS?Now whatWhat are the implications human sexuality to a healthy family life? What am I going to do or apply to protect and advertise healthy sexuality? What measures will I do to prevent HIV/AIDS?Just enjoy and have fun in learningYour teacher will help and guide you as you walk through your learning journey.Part I. WHAT TO KNOWAre you ready?What is STIs?Sexually-transmitted infection or STI, also known as sexually-transmitted disease (STD) is a communicable disease that is spread by a pathogen (disease-causing organism) from one person to another person through sexual contact.A person who has a sexual relationship with someone who is infected can get one or more of these diseases. STIs are transmitted through an exchange of bodily fluids during sexual communion. These infections are commonly caused by bacteria and viruses. Some STIs can be treated successfully but many STIs such as HIV/AIDS still have no cure. The good news is, all STIs can be prevented.Symptoms of STIs depend on the type of infections. Common symptoms include exclude from the genitals, warts, blisters or sores in the genital area, a rash, painful urination, or flu- like symptoms. Some STIs dont have any signs or symptoms. In fact one of every 10 people can have STIs but be asymptomatic. These people are carriers and are very chanceful because they can transmit an infection without even knowing it. .The only certain way to prevent/to keep from catching these diseases is by abstinence. Sexual abstinence is the deliberate choice to refrain from all sexual activitylets Review1. What is a sexually transmitted infection?2. What is abstinence, and why is abstinence the only certain way to prevent STIs? Knowing n igh STIsTeens are the age group most likely to get STIs that is why it is important for teens to learn about STIs Study the table below and identify sexually transmitted infections. Make a summary and identify the major(ip) ways on how to prevent sexually transmitted infections.COMMON sexually TRANSMITTED INFECTIONSAIDSChlamydiaGenital herpesGonorrheaSyphilisPathogen(causative agent)Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)Chlamydia Trachomatis bacteriumHerpes Simplex-2 VirusNeisseria gonorrhoea bacteriumTreponema paleostriatum bacteriumLong term effectsImmune systems failure, severe complaint leading to death,8-10 years to see signs of infection, infection of infants leading to death In women, pelvic inflammation with abdominal pain, fever, menstrual bleeding, ectopic pregnancy In men, enlarged lymph glands of the groin, infection of thetesticles. Infection during birth can cause cecity or illness in newborn If left untreated, it may cause cervical cancer in women and cause deformities in unborn babies Sterility, liver-colored disease, testicular disease, infection of heart lining, eye infections for newborn leading to cecity If left untreated, mental illness, heart and kidney damage, and death may result stripe measuresAbstinence from sexual intercourse and from use of intravenous do dosess Abstinence from sexual intercourseAbstinence from sexual intercourse and from use of intravenous drugs Abstinence from sexual intercourse and from use of intravenous drugs Abstinence from sexual intercourse and from se of intravenous drugs What are HIV and AIDS?Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a fatal communicable disease with no effective manipulation or known cure. It is the final stage of infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). When HIV enters the body it attacks the bodys immune system. Thus, the body becomes vulnerable to opportunistic infections or diseases that develop when the bodys abnegation system becomes weak. Among these infect ions are Kaposis sarcoma, a rare but acid type of skin cancer, recurrent pneumonia, and toxoplasmosis within the brain.Early symptoms of infection with HIV may include a rash, sore throat, fever, and tiredness. Nearly everyone with HIV develops AIDS. People with AIDS cannot fight off diseases that healthy people could easily resist. Because AIDS has no cure, people with AIDS eventually die from one of these diseases. shipway of Acquiring HIV action at legality 1. Deal or no deallet us deal with how HIV AIDS can be transmitted from one person to another. The following chart lists ways of acquiring HIV. If the manner is false, put an X on the No Column substance no deal, but if the manner is an actual way of acquiring HIV put an X in the Yes Column meaning we need to deal it. shipway of Acquiring HIVYesNo1. Breastfeeding .2. Handshaking3. communion the alimentation utensils with someone infected with HIV.4 . Donating blood with Red Cross5.Selling blood in blood banks6. Someone wh o has HIV who cough and sneeze well(p) you.7.Hugging someone with HIV8. Having un defend intercourse with someone with HIV9. Sharing contaminated syringes, needles or other sharp instruments with someone infected by HIV10.Receiving transfusion of blood infected with HIV11.Sitting in the dope seat used by the HIV patient12. Mosquito bites13. Tattooing using an infected needle14.Swimming with an HIV infected person15. Wearing clothes of an infected person16. Ear and Body piercing with an infected needleHIV must enter into the persons bloodstream to infect the person. HIV has been found in many body fluids including blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast draw of infected person. Which items have you already known and been informed about how HIV/AIDS can be acquired? Have you heard of other ways AIDs can /cant be transmitted or not transmitted? How can you correct misconceptions? Check your answer. Your teacher will help you analyze the responses . Make a generalization on how a pe rson can acquire HIV AIDS.I learned that HIV can be transmitted by ___________I learned that HIV cannot be transmitted by_________________ 11223344556677 application 2 REDUCING THE RISK OF HIVIn small groups, brainstorm on how HIV can be transmitted and then create a chart or nett to illustrate it. For each method of transmission, you and your partners will list at least three ways to reduce ones risk of delineation to HIV. A sample chart appears below. Groups circumstances their charts/webs and discuss.Mode of TransmissionWays to prevent and controlSexual Contact(Infected Body Fluids, Blood . Semen).____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Injecting drug and sharing infected needles____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Maternal transference ( Mother to baby during pregnancy)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Activity 3 Good Reasons for AbstinenceA. DEFINING ABSTINENCEHow will you define abstinence? Have you experience giving up one thing in your life in one-week period? Try this with a partner or classmate. Choose one or two from the activityies. 1. You will refrain from any of the following activity- watching television, not eating a particular food, or not playing a particular game or play for the entire one-week period. 2. During that time, you will keep a diary of your feelings and attitudes about being abstinent.3. After a week is up, you and some of your classmates will meet in small groups and share your feelings and discoveries.Answer the following questions in your small group.a. How hard was it to abstain for the entire week?b. Did it get more or less difficult as the week went by? Explain. c. Didfriends or family member s try to determine you during the time period? d. How did you handle the pressure?Abstinence is _____________________________________________. Now what is sexual abstinence? How can sexual abstinence keep a person from getting pregnant and protect them from STIs HIV AIDS? Some people choose abstinence for other reasons as well.Read the article and use the information in the article to complete the chart that follows. Remember to copy the chart in your activity notebook and fill it with required entries.There is an increasing number of young people being infected with Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) or for every 10 cases 1 is a child. The most serious of these diseases is AIDSActivity 4NameReason for choosing abstinenceYour name______(Your thoughts concerning this reason)MartaJonathanPeter and JoannaRacquelNoemiReducing the Risks of Sexually Transmitted InfectionsRubric for your Activity 2 and 44321PointsExplanationComplete response with detailed explanationGood ResponseWith clear explanationExplanation is not clearMisses key pointsDemonstratedKnowledgeShows complete understanding of the questionShows substantial understandingResponse shows some understandingResponse shoes lack of understandingSensible beliefsComplete response with bright opinionMeets the sensible opinionHardly makes sensible opinionDoes not meet sensible opinionsTotal pointsYOU ARE PROTECTEDGovernment Policies in the Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS and other STIs Republic Act No. 8504 also known as Philippine AIDS LawGovernment efforts in ensuring a clean blood supply to prevent issues and Problems related to sexuality (RA7719) or the Blood Services Act of 1994)Lets AppreciateWhat is the government doing to protect the health of the Family in terms of STIs HIV AIDS? How are you protected in case of blood donation and blood transfusion?Heres more.Have you donated blood? Or acquire blood transfusion?How does it feel? There is a law that covers the proper ways to give and receive blo od service.PART II. WHAT TO PROCESSActivity 1 Lets Think CriticallyReflect on the following focused points and write your ideas in your activity notebook 1. Analysis How can good general health practices be healthful in preventing STIs. 2. Only two strategies if practiced consistently reduced the risk of STIs to zero. Name the steps in the prevention and control of STIs particularly HIV/AIDs 3. Analyze why sexual abstinence is the most effective method for the prevention of HIV/ AIDS and other STIs.Activity 2. Life Skills in ActionCommon reek and Good judgment are powerful strategies to prevent and control STI HIV AIDs. Think about this 1. How does alcohol affect the persons judgment in making responsible sexual behavior? 2. Why do we need to practice saying NO to behaviors that are risky to your sexuality? 3. Explain how you can practice refusal skills to prevent and control STI HIV/AIDS.Activity 3 canvas the LinkThe drug, the blood, the alcohol connections to STI HIV AIDSHow doe s it contribute to the transmission of STI HIV AIDS?Read the article belowDr. Jane Perez is a school doctor lecturing about STI HIV AIDS in Bangkalan National advanced School asks the students the following questions How many of you have seen the effects of drinking cloudburst beverages or have read the effects of taking dangerous l drugs? What is the danger of using shared syringe in cases of blood transfusion? What are the possible harmful effects to people being tattooed using needles? Have you donated blood? Or received blood transfusion? She received varied responses, and she continued asking them to see a strong associate or connection in the prevalence of STI HIV/AIDS.What are the connections of alcohol, drug abuse, blood donation and transfusion to STI and HIV/AIDS? Can you give your response? Write your answer on the space provided and discuss your answer with your classmates.1. How can drinking alcohol leads to STI HIV ?______________________________________________ _______ _______________________________________________________ 2. What are the dangers of using shared needles in tattooing, or shared syringe in injecting drugs? ______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________3. Have you donated blood? Or received blood transfusion?How does it feel?There is a law that covers the proper ways to give and receive blood services. It is RA 7719 or the Blood Services act of 1994. What is Blood Services Act of 1994 (RA 7719 )?______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Why is it important that blood donors be qualified to donate blood? Can you relate this law to STI and HIV/AIDS protection and prevention? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Day EightPART III. WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTANDThese are activ ities you will do to help you acquire adequate and significant information about this topic. It is important that you clarify ideas about the lesson. You are going to watch an interactional video and video news episode about HIV AIDS incidence in the Philippines this will help you and be aware of theActivity 1 Interactive Videoa. Visit the web sites and collect materials and Fact sheets about STI HIV / AIDS. b. View some video clips on HIV updates in the Philippines like Kapuso mo Jessica Sojo www.you tube.com c. The Power of You by the DEP ED -UNICEFActivity 2 Investigative report HIV/AIDSVisit your school clinic or barangay health center.Interview a health personnel about HIV/AIDS using the following guide questions What is HIV? What is AIDS?What are the signs and symptoms of Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) How can HIV/AIDS be spread from one person to another person? What are the effects of HIV/AIDS to our body?How can HIV and AIDS be prevented?Report the information that you have gathered in class. Compare this with what you already learned in class.Activity 3 I BelieveAfter the activity you can make a digest of facts and information about HIV / AIDS. Be ready to make an advocacy campaign about preventing HIV /AIDS. You need to be heard and intercommunicate out on the topic HOW can I be safe from HIV / AIDS. Tell the class what you believeActivity 4 Just Say NOHow to say no and remain friendly to someone you like?Is it difficult for you to refuse? If somebody ask you to do risky behavior like drinking and smoking or even doing pre-marital sex , how will you refuse?Throughout life you are likely to meet people who will persuade you to do things you do not want to do. How do you say no and still remain friendly with someone you like? Is it difficult for you to refuse? If somebody asks you to do risky behavior like drinking and smoking or even do pre-marital sex, how will you refuse?The ability to say NO to unhealthful practices is called Refusal Skills.The following are the different ways of saying NO to things that you dont want to do.Technique of saying NOThe ResponseWhats Your Response?Maintain eye contact and say NO severelyPerson A Do you want to smoke cigarettePerson B NO,( firmly)________________________________________________________________________Be true to yourself and to your belief. Give reasons for saying NOPerson A Do youwant to be my drinking buddy?Person B NO I love my body. I dont want to die young._______________________________________________________________________ walkway away or avoid the situationIf you know that the group are doing risky sexual behavior that you dont want to do or join, then JUST dont GO____________________________________ switch the subjectTry suggesting something better to do with your time,Person B Lets smoke.Person A I think it would be better if we eat instead.________________________________________________________________-______ Match verbal withnon-verbal communicationShake your head and say NO _________________________________________________________________ Give your personal ConclusionInternalize how you will firmly refuse an offer to engage in risky behaviorFor more skills on Refusal Skills Visit http//www.thecoolspot.gov/index.aspActivity 5Role-play the following situation exhibit how you can express feeling or thought on resisting pressures using refusal skills. Practice with your friend.1. A friend inviting you to drink alcohol after school2. Ramon told you to cut classes so you can attend a birthday party. 3. Carmen invited you to try smoking.Activity 6. Check it out1. Find out what government agencies are responsible for educating the public about HIV/ AIDS in our country. List them in your notebook and write their specific task/s. 2. How does the government protect the rights of people living with HIV/AIDS? 3. What services are on tap(predicate) for people living with HIV/AIDS? How can they avai l of these services? 4. What will be your behavior toward a person with HIV/AIDS? What will you tell her/him? SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTAnswer the summative test before you proceed .PART IV. WHAT TO TRANSFERActivity 1Let us apply what have you learn. Design a poster that tells adolescent on how to avoid STIs and HIV/AIDs using Abstinence and Refusal Skill.Activity 2 Applying Health Knowledge1. Design a booklet or a health journal entitled STI and HIV/ AIDS vigorous that summarizes the major points presented in the lesson. 2. What steps should public health agencies take to bring forward control the spread of STI and HIV/AIDS? 3. As a teenager, how will you avoid being infected by this disease? 4. You will need parental involvement. Ask your parent or another adult at home how they learned about blood donation, STIs and AIDS/HIV. Ask them about the accuracy of the information. Seek advice from your parents on how you can prevent being infected by HIV/ AIDS 5. Community Involvement. Find out what kind of services are operational to help people who haveHIV/AIDs in your community. Look also in your community measures they are doing in relation to Blood donations. Prepare a report to share your findings with your classmatesActivity 3 Thinking Critically1. Application. Develop a law of your own that you think would be effective in the prevention and control of STIs HIV/AIDS. Explain your thinking. 2. Application. The only known way to prevent a kind of STI is to abstain from sexual contact. What strategies can you suggest that would be effective in telling this concept to teens who are already sexually active?Are you ready to answer the following questions?Activity 4 Critical thinkingImagine that you have a chance making solutions on how to decrease the number of HIV/ AIDS in our country, what are the three things that you will do?1. Write all your answers in your health journal.2. Post your decisions in the form of sticker messages on the bulletin board or in any disp lay board3. Suggest activities for you and your class to decide.a. You may want to present a theater presentation on how you will prevent and Protect yourself from contacting STIs and HIV/AIDS b. Organize a Parents forum on STI and HIV/AIDS. Invite your teachers, and parents to this information campaign. c. starting signal a students advocacy campaign on how teenagers can be protected from HIV AIDS Independent StudyActivity 5Check yourself. Reflect and UnderstandAfter you complete the guided practice reexamine and answer the questions below to review what you have learned 1. In your own words, can you give the difference between HIV and AIDS. 2. What are the four ways that HIV can be passed from one person to another person? 3. If you become HIV positive,what will you do to prevent AIDS? And what will you do to live longer? 4. AIDS is not curable but it is preventable. What are the best methods of prevention? 5. Name two ways teenagers can do to reduce the risk of HIV infection. 6 . How can using alcohol and illegal drugs increase a persons risk of having HIV infection?Use the chart below in answer the itemsSUMMARYThink back on something that you learned on this Learning Materials. Reflect on the following questions and then write your answers on the box. 1) What did you learn?2) How did you go about learning the lesson?3) Why did you choose to learn it?4) What/Who helped you learn it?5) What hindered your learning?6) How did you know that you had learned it?Supplemental ReadingsRA 8504 OR THE Philippine AIDS LAW ORTHE PHILIPPINE AIDS PREVENTION AND potency ACT. term1The Government must promote education and information campaigns. Schools and non-formal education programs must include HIV/ AIDS education. The doh must conduct public health education campaigns.The government must provide education for Filipinos going abroad. Employers, working with DOLE must develop workplace education and safety. The Department of Tourism must provide education for touris ts and transients. LGUs must develop local anesthetic HIV prevention and education efforts. Accurate information about prophylactics will be provided.It is against the law to give false or intentionally conduct informationon HIV/AIDS. denomination 2The Government will develop and promote safe medical practices All blood, organs, and tissue for donation will be tested. If it tests positive, it will be disposed of safely, and not used. The doh will provide guidelines on safe surgery and medical procedures. Article 3The Government will provide appropriate confidential HIV interrogatory. HIV testing can only be done with the consent of the person tested. The bash will provide anonymous HIV testing Counselling will be conducted before and after testingThe DOH will make adequate and affordable HIV testing available in all of the barangays in the Philippines. Article 4The Government will ensure adequate health and support services for people with HIV. Hospitals will provide adequate car e for persons with HIV.LGUs must provide community-based prevention and care efforts. Livelihood efforts will be made available for people with HIV. The DOH is to do STD prevention and control efforts.The DOH is to make sure that health insurance is available to people with HIV.Article 5The Government will monitor HIV/AIDSThe Government will establish an AIDSWATCH council.Reporting procedures will be developed to track HIV rates, while respecting lymph node confidentiality. Contract tracing is permitted provided confidentiality is not breached.Article 6Confidentiality will be protected on HIV status.All healthcare workers and anyone handling health records will strictly preserve patient confidentiality on HIV status, and the identity of people with HIV. HIV status can be shared by health officials in three circumstances officials of the AIDSWATCH council, health workers who areinvolved in discourse and need to know for their own safety, and a judge if under subpoena for an officia l court case. HIV results may be given to the person tested, an official of the AIDSWATCH council, and a parent or guardian. It cannot be given to anyone else. Legal penalties can be provided for breaching confidentiality. People with HIV must inform spouses and sex partners as soon as reasonably possible.Article 7Discrimination against people with HIV is illegal.Employers cannot discriminate in hiring, firing, promoting, or assigning based on actual or suspected HIV status. Schools are not allowed to refuse admission, punish students, or deny enfolding in activities based on real or perceived HIV status. A person with HIV has the legal right to travel, live, and lodge with the same freedom as any other citizen. Quarantines and other restrictions are illegal. A person with HIV has every legal right to seek public office. Credit services cannot be denied based on HIV status. indemnity cannot be refused based on HIV status, provided the person does not lie about their HIV status. Ho spitals can health services cannot refuse treatment or discriminate based on HIV status. Decent burials cannot be denied based on HIV status.Legal penalties for discrimination will be enforced.Article 8The government will establish a Philippine National AIDS Council This council will be responsible for implementing the act and conducting all national AIDS performances.