Strategies Of Sustainable Tourism In Maharashtra Tourism Essay

Strategies Of Sustainable phaetonry In Maharashtra touristry Es adduceTourism is fretfulnessed with pleasure holidays, travel going or arriving somewhatwhere. These ar the demand that throw offs throng leave their normal place of work and re looknce for go around bourne temporary watchs to an other(prenominal) places non more than one unbent year. Tourism is gener exclusivelyy turn overed to be comfortably(p) body process and for most batch an ideal land use activity a non-polluting, line of work generating and opposed exchange earning manufacture. However, years of sobering experiences start out led to the realisation that major(ip)ity and un chastenessled apparent movement of people creates certain tender, stinting, political and environmental impacts of the references. These impacts switch as per the type of touristry promoted and heap be both beneficial as easy as adverse. This essay discusses and defines the key term validateability and competiven ess and how they dope be use as a scheme to break out tourism in Maharashtra, which is one of top ranked tourist name and address in India.The key word in the abbreviation of tourism is sufferability, a tactile sensation that at its most raw material summarizes the growing concern for the environment and inwrought re ack straightawayledgments, though sustainability has too had increasing resonance in social and economic issues in tourist cultivations.The finish has played an important role in tourism. It is a mix product of the tourism which offers integrated experiences to its tourist and consumers. basic all in ally cultivation are regarded as come up define geographical areas much(prenominal) as a town, a city, a country, a nation or as whole world where tourist stay at least one overnight (WTO, 2007). On the other hand it is growing subjectively by the tourist and consumers depending on their flexible demands as when they plan their course on the basis of agri finale background of the destination and the purpose of visits. It may be educational, business, or vacations to experience importance of the place. Such as a Paris as a destination for German business travellers, for vacuous Japanese, Europe may be a destination within their stipulate period of a trip (Vlahovic, S., 2010). A lot from this A jungle may be a destination for scientist and inquiryers who involve in nature link study simultaneously it is destination for people who like to visit Jungle in their vacation much(prenominal) as Jungle Safari. In auxiliary to it tourist destination also helps in generating revenue to the political relation as hearty as private sector which is a hearty grammatical constituent while considering tourism (Edward, J., 2010).******************Since beginning destinations are divided by manmake borders much(prenominal)(prenominal) as geographically and politically, which does not considering the consumer preferences or tourist indus try functions (Vlahovic, S., 2010). Whereas Holloway and Taylor (2006) say that all destinations share certain cavorts such as the place of attr follow by, go and facilities and accessibility of the destination.Currently in all worlds destination a luxuriously competition shadow be seen. Due to mobility and accessibility of the tourist destination around the world, also emerging changes in tourist destinations with technology, infrastructure, and communication. Therefore destination cannot escape the competitive challenges by the justification that the task is too voice slight (Vlahovic, S., 2010).Mostly, destination are varied in nature, these are not eer with equal potential, some have lot of potential resources competitive advantages, and some have limited ingrained resources and infrastructure to support the tourism instruction in particular destination (Ritchie and Crouch 2000 cited McCartney et al.2008). According to McCartney et al., 2008, in that respect were nous between Ritchie and crouch 2000, that whether destination are by born or created? The answer is in question itself. Further Ritchie and Crouch (2000) mention the translation of destination competitiveness and how its colligate to sustainability as firstly its ability to add tourism expenditure, to increasingly attract visitors while providing them with satisfying memorable experiences and to do so in a profitable way, while enhancing the healthful-being of destination residents and preserving the natural capital of the destination for future extensions.As a endpoint of this it can be assume that destination competitiveness in tourism has several sustainability dimensions such as economic, social, ethnical and environmental. Competitiveness has frame a central point of tourism indemnity. As its cast ups and tourism activity become stronger, so at that place is need to put some limelight on improving the competitiveness by creating a constitutional outline to examine, to c ontrol and enhance quality and effectiveness in the industry and to protect (to sustain) resources (Vlahovic, S., 2010).Sustainability has delineate by Bruntlands Report (1987 cited Cooper et al., 2008) that meeting the need of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs So to agnise the sustainability of resources and how much potential in stock(predicate) in destination, there is necessitate to do SWOT as hale as ponderer (Tribe,1995) analysis of the destination from internal and external then(prenominal) inquire to guidance on essential innovative strategy to come up from weakness and threats and to strengthen it to create more probability in the future.Strategy has delineate by Quinn 1980, It is an outline of a plan that combines disposals major addresss, policies and sequence of action in to a cohesive whole, whilst strategy is the way and scope of an organization, it has ii phases one short term about thr ee year and heartbeat farsighted term more than 5 year (Cooper et al,. 2008) preferably which matches its resources to its ever-changing demand from the surrounding particularly in destination grocery stores to tourists and consumers so as to meet s reappearance h olderers opportunity (Tribe, 1997).Pike and Ryan (2004 cited McCartney, et al, 2008) said that competitive strategy finished comparing cognitive, affective and conative perceptions of the destination. They concluded in their studies that effective place requires a succinct, focused and consistent message. Positioning analysis requires an meeting of how a destination is perceived to perform on attributes deemed important to the target market, relation back to the competition. On the other side in toll of income and expansion of a national tourism industry in the global market of develop and developing countries, which could therefore raise the real income of its citizens and develop its streamer of life history ( Hong, 2008).Therefore, high demand in competitive strategy or policies require proper and better education and turn backing about the sustainability tourism done academic orientation programmes, governing and private organization, also through versatile information channels (Harris et al 2002).The concept of Sustainability strategy has become in practice by World Conservation Strategy (WCS) in 1980. It was commissioned by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) which jointly with the World Wildlife inventory (WWF) provided the financial Support for its movements. The main strategy has aim to make basic structure and legal lookout manline to develop and developing country to develop the involvement of living resources conservation to forgiving survival such as green house gas effect, emission, destruction, degradation, extinction of flora and fauna species, befoulment, transmittable diversity and soil erosion and to sustainable organic evolution identifies the ma in concern of conservation problem and the main requirements for dealing with them and proposes ways for effective accomplishing the strategys goal (NSSD, 1980).There are mainly four pillars of sustainable strategies that are economic, environmental, social and cultural. And it requires suitable consideration of all above four p humanities of pillars for well being of all perilholders, to achieve long-term goals requires the engagement of all the stakeholders bear on to the production and consumption process of sustainable tourism though it is related to ruralisation or urbanization (Cooper et al., 2008). economic SustainabilityCooper et al., 2008 explained that economic sustainability requires holistic preparation across all industrial sectors. It must(prenominal) also reach beyond the destination to make sure that intermediaries such as tour operators are not able to circumvent or put unwanted compress on the planning processes, it may create a prejudicial event on the tou rist and tourist destination. Mowforth and Munt (2009) have mentioned that economic sustainability is not less important than all others in any tourist development. Sustainability in these terms refers to a level of economic gain from the activity such as planning, training etc., sufficient either to cover the cost of any other peculiar(prenominal) measures taken to provide for the tourist and to mitigate the effects of the tourists straw man or to offer an income appropriate other peg downs or both. In contrast, Baumgartner and Quaas (2010) have unalike view as the general definition of sustainability has based on the notions of weak and strong sustainability.Environmental SustainabilityEnvironmental sustainability in tourism requires greater attention and intimacy about the impacts and ways of translating those impacts into the economic marketplace. The tourist, or look on provider in the tourism industry have to understand their responsibilities such as disturbing the natu ral life cycles so for this reason government legislation should be there in system that in shield of failure to abide by those systems (Cooper et al., 2008). Further there is need to place carrying capacities, it is an important method of assessing environmental impact and sustainability (Maldonado et al. 1992 cited in Mowforth and Munt 2009). complaisant sustainability affable sustainability is a ability of a community, may topical anaesthetic or national, to understand changes such as excess tourists, for short or long term and continuing functioning either without the creation of social disharmony as a result of these contribution or by settling its functions and relationships so that the conflict created can be improve or mitigated (Mowforth and Munt 2009). As per the Cooper et al., (2008) that tourists who do not want to adapt at all will always create negative impacts on the local community. So to avoid it tourist who may be through natural avocation where the concerned v isitor intrigued by local customs and behaviour so they go to scrutinize and that inspection can set in movement of a commercialisation process that will sooner or subsequent change the events.Cultural sustainabilityTravel can change persons life through its visits to various parts of the world and more interaction between the local people of the destinations. It helps to develop the understanding about the tourist destination and its gardening of the local people. just now some era the relationships within particular society, the mores of interaction, the lifestyle, the customs and traditions are all subjectively means of exchange. Even its culture may be irreversibly altered. Culture is a dynamic a feature of human life as in the society, community and parsimony so then it can be assume that changes in culture not always welcome in to the society. That means sometime it creates negative effects. But, the cultural sustainability refers to the ability of people to maintain or understand the elements of their culture which grand them from others people (Mowforth and Munt, 2009).According the definition that destination has made by manmade borders, so here every destination has its own administrative as well as managing style. This includes the feels and regulation of the town, city, shows, countries and all worlds to sustain the balance of Environmental, economic, social and cultural sustainability. So, the role of government and private organization to make strategies and policies is to keep kind and motivating the participants on long term basis such as government stakeholders, private organizations, and other local authorities also the NGOs in to development of the tourism product. Due to the vast nature of the industry it involves wide-ranging of operations, conclusions and planning area with understanding sustainability and non sustainability and the requirements of tourist destinations, its consumer and suppliers such as tourism intermediaries and others like infrastructure developers and legal procedures such as visa and tourists destination management, its statistics of visitors and economy which circulate by the tourism industry (Prugh et al., 2000).The destination which I have taken that is Maharashtra severalize of India. So first of all fit in to definition of destination need to understand geography of Maharashtra.Maharashtra is astatewhich located in the western part ofIndia. It is thesecond most populous andthird swelledst state by areain India. There is a huge tourism potential obtainable in Maharashtra due to its culture and vide commit of geographical area.The borders of Maharashtra is theArabian Seato the west of India with a 720 km long coastline along the lush green Konkan region,nestled Sahyadri mountain range are several knoll stations and water reservoirs with semi-evergreen and deciduous forests. Gujaratand the joint territoryofDadra and Nagar Havelito the northwest,Madhya Pradeshto the northeast ,Chhattisgarhto the east,Karnatakato the south,Andhra Pradeshto the southeast, Goa which is the part of Maharashtra it has located at the southwest it is a known holiday spot in the world it is well known by its various beaches. Vasco da Gama sailed down at Malabar Coast in 1948. The Goas economy is whole depending on the tourism.Maharashtra state covers an area of 307,731km2(118,816sqmi) or 9.84% of the total geographical area of India.Mumbai, the capital city of the state, is Indias largest city and the financial capital of the nation.Marathiis the acquire tongue of Maharashtra (Govt. of Maharashtra, 2006).It is also the richest state in India, contributing to 15% of the countrys industrial output and 13.2% of its GDPin year 2005-06.HistoryThe name Maharashtra also appeared in a 7th century inscription and in the poster of a Chinese traveller Hiuen-Tsang, was a famousChinese Buddhisticmonk, scholar, traveller, and translator that brought up the interaction betweenmainland Chin aandIndiain the previous(predicate)Tangperiod.The potential available at Maharashtra that it has four world cultural hereditary pattern sites as first two located in the Sahyadri luck Range these are 1) Ajanta caves 2) Ellora caves at Aurangabad and 3) Elephanta caves at the Elephanta Island at the Mumbai. And the newly sculpted site is Chhatrapati Shivaji boundary (CST) before it was known as Victoria Terminus (VT) (MTDC, 2010).Bhandardara is noted place for trekking place of Maharashtra followed by Pratapgarh get along Mahabaleshwar, Torna near Bhor and Panhala near Kolhapur. Also Sahyadri ranges provide about 7 to 8 trekking cites which has around Pune, Satara, Lonavala and other places. And the rock climbing at Karla Mountains, believed to be dating back to one hundred sixty BC. It is home to the huge cluster of Chaitya caves (Planning commission of India, 2007).The water sport activity available at Panshet Aqua Sports centres 40 km drive from Pune, such as windsurfing, s peed boating, kayaking, water scooters etc. Close to Mumbai, Esselworld at Gorai is an cheer park which has roller coasters and water slides. Also the Sailing which is most public in India available at Mumbai and Pune, in Maharashtra, sailing equipments are available only at the Khadakvasla Lake in Pune. Currently, MTDC has started the Scuba and Snorkelling diving school in the water of Arabian Sea at Konkan (MTDC, 2010).Before propose, justify and to celebrate strategy for the chosen destination, require a SWOT analysis of destination internally as well externally (Tribe, 2003). Then it is easy to understand the nature of competitiveness and threats among the four pillar of sustainability. The analysis involves consideration of the major influences upon the tourist destination success in terms of resources and environment (Tribe, 2003). So according to this, the analysis of Maharashtras tourism sector is also based on national and global factor as resources and environmental con sideration.SWOT analysis of Maharashtra (Govt of India, 2007)Strength available in MaharashtraMaharashtra has immense potential with natural beaches, heritage and culture. Mumbai is comparatively higher in strength of Maharashtra States. It is commercial as well as merriment capital of India. Recently, the achievement by A. R. Rehman from Slumdog millionaire movie, It has received a prime interest to community of Indian origin in the source of market of USA and UK.Mumbai has an international airport brings about 26 per cent of most of the international tourists. Also, it has advantage of acquire most of the tourist to the state before any other states in India.Further, in Agricultural tourism wine tourism now in boom. Because of The international level research institute and providing a better cognition about the agricultural products which includes exportation quality product to other countries and how to sustain the farmers land to grow well crops in future. While considering h ealth Medical tourism also in budding stage in metro cities.Weakness in Tourism of MaharashtraEvery tourism require tourist for its growth so, the tourism industry in Maharashtra is extremely depend on the long haul market include USA, UK, France and Germany.Secondly, the host atm when tourist arrived in Mumbai they experience that the condition of western highway is pathetic, ample amount of advertisement boards and then on the road beggars this all creates a very poor host ambience the reason behind it is population of Mumbai about is approximately 13,788,305.Thirdly, destination transits shape shows that only 5-8 per cent out of 50 per cent of international tourist who visits to India is ready to travel to Maharashtras destination. The reason behind it the Safety and security concerns and poor marketing campaign available around India and other countries.Fourthly, unfocused development and lack of co-ordination between MTDC (Maharashtra Tourism Development and Corporation), I TDC (Indian Tourism Development Corporation) and IRCTC (Indian railroad track and Catering Tourism Corporation) etc. have followed their own objectives and plans and are working on separate platform. Lack of co-operation between various governmental organization involved in tourism creates inconvenience to the tourist. For example A visit to Ajanta World heritage site requires a tourist to purchase as many as 7 tickets due to a distinct jurisdiction issue.(Planning Commission of India, 2007). And Deccan Odyssey Luxury train which serves 7 tourist destinations in Maharashtra has getting less revenue, because of poor marketing strategies and promotions from various tourist information carrel available in Maharashtra and other part of India.Opportunities to sustain tourism in MaharashtraDue to 9/11 terrorist attack, the domestic tourism growth has increased. Maharashtra governing undertaking initiatives to attract domestic tourism as a tourism strategy. Secondly, Indian governmen ts Golden Quadrilateral Highway project is now in last stage to connect North- South, East-west corridors by the National highways, and is expected to increase accessibilities in domestic tourism (GoI, 2002). The growing tourism source countries of Japan, China and Sri Lanka have Buddhist populations (Buddha Dharma culture Association) their interest is in Buddhist computer architecture and heritage is a great opportunity for Maharashtra to offer then its whimsical Cave Architecture. Thirdly, the nature of tourist market in Mumbai, the high consumption business and leisure tourists mostly from East European countries affects on the market. The available outbound market is China.Threats which affects to sustain competitive tourism in MaharashtraMaharashtra had significant threats in last decade that all affect on the tourism of Maharashtra. The series of incidents as bomb blast in 1993 target was Hotels and tourists attraction, train bomb blast 2006 and then at the end terrorist a ttack on 26th to 29th November 2008 on Hotel Trident, The Taj Mahal Palace and Tower, and Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminals in Mumbai. Secondly, the competitor of it started Economic Impact assessment working with the help of WTO and WTTC, Kerala has already started their vision 2025 to sustain their development growth in tourism. Thirdly, the most competition can be seen in Heritage tourism, beach tourism, back water sport and special interest tourism.Cultural sustainability and strategies in MaharashtraUnder the cultural tourism strategy of Maharashtra the government considered that it has distinctive aspects of its rich culture and tradition would be identify and promoted as an integral part of Maharashtras tourism. To Identify and promote the states folk arts and organize folk dance and music programmes at tourist destinations (Govt of Maharashtra 2006). But to sustain it there is less financial support to those participants in to the entertainment field. The financial support is no t on time they need to wait sanction the amount from government. Currently, there is a lot of attention to Bollywood artist, so here it can be seen that celebrities has taken over on Maharashtras culture such as following dress sense of Hollywood actresses is now seen in metro cities. There is free no any proper(postnominal) step has been taken by any of the entertainment industry to give out chance to local folk artist to perform on large scale.Environmental impacts and strategies of sustainable tourism in MaharashtraDue to dramatically come out in the Domestic as well as international tourism, before long metropolitan cities such as Mumbai and Pune, has facing pollution level problem, considering the representative of Pune, in Pune the pollution level always on critical level. local anesthetic authority made strict rule for transportation and traffic rule to control the negative impact on the environment but still it not up to the good level to achieve low pollution in those metro cities.Every tourism activity affects the natural and create environment. The issue between tourism and environment has lot of complication, but to sustain it there are some strategies such as government has made plane to develop eco- tourism for this according to the requirement such as there is no any new construction will take place in preserved area for sanctuaries and other important places such as lakes and forest land. Changes can be made in old building such as government rest houses at hill station and sanctuaries. But, in fact those cost and expenditure on old construction is comparatively higher than new construction. On another side to develop or to sustain such sites, government and NGOs providing financial and knowledge about the eco- tourism to local people who surviving on the nature.For environmental sustainability government has chosen some part of Konkan in Mumbai, in this, the ha good turnation at those places are paid by government to develop their hous es (Huts and Cottages) with amenities and other facilities but to ensure that life cycle of nature it should not be disturb. This is a really good example as well as strategy to understand the rural life at those places in touch with nature for side by side(p) generation as well as the tourists from urban part also helps to increase income level and living standard (GoM, 2006).Economic sustainable strategiesThe economic Sustainability means the balance of rural and urban economics development. The government and private policy maker should consider step-down of rural as well as urban poverty in specific destination Shen et al., (2008). According to this as per mention earlier that soon the government and various private organization institutions working on the research area of Agriculture, nature ( round the bendlife), medical (Health and safety), information technology-communication and at the end human resource development in the Maharashtra, to provide better employment opportu nity to each people and to generate and increase the income level of each people and their standard of living.Now the current competitiveness shows that unbalance growth in various sector, such as labour on contract and seasonal worker basis. In short when the pinnacle period of any season starts then the employers often outsource the employment instead of local. The effect of this rises in controversy between local and outsourcing employee.The India is still developing country Japan has been accompaniment in reconstruction of Ajanta caves in Maharashtra and NalandaUniversity is anancient centre of higher learninginBihar,it was aBuddhistcentre of learning from 427 to 1197 CE.The economics of Maharashtra has highly depend on long haul and outbound tourist whose spend capacity is more than domestic tourist, as per discuss earlier that the stake holders play an important role in development in sustainable economic growth through employment and taxation, such stake holders in Mahara shtra as Taj, Oberoy, Hilton, Best Western Hotels, Hyatt and in tourism Thomas Cook, follow and King, SOTC and Raj Travel and other well known tourism service providers.Social sustainable strategiesStren and Poleses (2000) define social sustainability as development (and or growth) that is congruous with the harmonious evolution of civil society, fostering an environment conducive to the matched cohabitation of culturally and socially diverse groups while at the same time encouraging social integration, with improvements in the quality of life for all segments of the population (Davidson, M., 2009).Sex tourism a new phenomenon issue, according to Nair, P., and Sen, S., (2005) that not all the tourists are sex tourists, some of them definitely are. The sex incident happened in Goa had significant effect on Goas tourism, in which there is use of five-year-old girls for sex and pornography, by giving them shelter. According to Cooper et al., (2008) the growth of such activities is often supported by a network of facilitators ranging from pimps and brothels through to the manifestly more respectable taxi drivers and hotel workers. The internet has only added to the problem by creating an international communication network that can market these services on international scale. Also, there are lonely child labour in small scale industries and without family, and mostly international tourists who come to enjoy their vacation, consider that child is safe as they feel that the children dont have any familiar Transfer Diseases (Nair, P., and Sen, S., 2005).According to this the people of Maharashtra, stays in various societies there is always up and down glimpses of society can be seen in the social contest. So therefore, social upliftment and improved quality of life through exchanging culture adopting changes in environments and social life. In the situation like natural calamities, the requirement of unity to overcome from natural and manmade unpleasant incide nts can be seen in the people of Maharashtra. Though, there may any disputes between different origins of peoples culture.Whereas, Kulkarni G., (2010) say that people may argue that issue of environment is enough, the enormity of the problem demands that, if each one of people of Maharashtra without blaming to the government authority does their bit toward conserving and sustaining the environment. Then it will ready to lend a hand to next generation to sustain environment with low economic price consequenceAs a consultant, that every destination and attractions consumer and providers should understand that sustainable and non sustainable culture. Then, only the specific growth in next 10-15 year long term period can be achieved without extra energy. Also, balance must be maintain between limits and usage so that continuous changing, supervise and planning ensure that tourism can be managed properly in Maharashtra (GoM, 2006). There is various strategies can be followed to develop competitiveness in tourism, keep in mind the importance of sustainability such asEducation and trainingOnce, people get basic education or knowledge about the environment and the sustainability in their life, and then the improvement within them can lead to help to their respective destination. For example local tourist guide training programme, which will help to understand the history as well as importance of the place by local people and how they can serve to the tourist on competitive level. For, this government institution at Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur and Nashik has been playing an important role to give education and training to the seekers. In private organization Taj and Oberoy institution has most influence on tourism industry management in Maharashtra.Equal opportunityThere should be put some lime light on rest part of Maharashtra, because current policies highly focalized on Mumbai only, it provide lots of job and opportunities to the people of respective destination and att raction, so the govt and private organization should not ignore the immense potential available at other places of Maharashtra. They could concentrate on Agricultural tourism, medical tourism, heritage tourism, adventure tourism and wild life tourism etc.The role of researchers and professional in decision making processIt can play an important role policy and strategy analysis, in simple words to identify positive and negative points through various researches which conducted by professionals and scholars. Because, the management and the govern body is solely responsible for any changes in process of development in tourism some time it can lead damages.Safety and security tourer should not be a victim of any manmade and natural casualty extra care should be taken by the local government and tour operator because of any vulnerability in case of muliebrity or loss human of national and international countries can affects on the specific destination and the future tourists and their decisions.Decentralization and accountabilityThe process of operation and management involves variety of task and governing body, to reduce timescale the requirement of chop-chop and perfect decision to make changes or implementation of original strategies. As well as keeping records of each event and financial feat leads to clear accountability in the tourism sector. And can help to make better forecasting for tourism in Maharashtra.